分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays)
鰩目 (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
鰩科 (Skates)
Etymology: Dipturus: Greek, di = two + Greek, pteryx = fin (Ref. 45335); mennii: Named for Roberto Carlos Menni..
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 135 - 550 m (Ref. 114953). 亞熱帶的; 20°S - 40°S, 60°W - 40°W (Ref. 57911)
Southwest Atlantic: Brazil, from São Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul.
西南大西洋: 巴西,從聖保羅到大河做 Sul 。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 62 - ? cm
Max length : 167 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 114953)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
Differs from its congeners by having prickly interorbital space with few developed dermal denticles an no arrangement pattern easily visible and sensible when touched. Dorsal surface smooth with nuchal thorns confluent with median dorsal and caudal thorns up to the origin of the first dorsal fin. Scapular and interdorsal thorns are present. Ventral surface with rare, few developed prickles in between the gill openings. Mature specimens reaching about 160 cm TL and 120 cm disk width. Dorsal and ventral surfaces brown, with ventral tip of pectoral fins light brown. Dorsal and ventral snout surfaces prickly with several tiny prickles. Anterior margin of pectoral fins convex in males. Orbital series thorns distributed as 4 preorbital and 2 to 3 interorbital; the postorbital thorns are absent. The rest of thorns are distributed as 2 to 5 interspiracular; 5 to 6 nuchal, 2 to 3 scapular and 12 to 18 mediodorsal. The caudal region bears 3 to 5 rows of thorns; 25 to 36 mediocaudal; 7 to 24 laterocaudal on the left and on the right; 43 to 47 alar thorns present in males, in 3 rows and 1 to 3 interdorsal; 12-16 pseudobranchial lamellae. The horizontal orbit diameter 2 times length of second dorsal fin base. The length of first dorsal fin base is equal to the interorbital distance. The dorsal region of claspers is smooth. The dental formula is 33-36/30-37.
This species is similar with Dipturus trachyderma in having the rough skin on the interorbital region; both differ from D. leptocauda, D. chilensis, and D. teevani which possess smooth interorbital region. Other body regions of D. mennii have less evident dermal denticles, but sensible when touched, and because of this, this species was mistaken for D. trachyderma.
D. mennii compared with D. trachyderma, exhibits 1 row of confluent thorns from nape to first dorsal fin origin while the latter exhibits a row of thorns in caudal region only; have 4 preorbital thorns (vs. 2); 2-3 interorbital and no postorbital thorns (vs. 1 interorbital and 1 postorbital thorn); mature males with 3 rows of alar thorns with variation of the total number 43-47 (vs. 4 rows with total 17- 48); dorsal region of claspers smooth (vs. rough); proportionally smaller in disc width and length, horizontal orbit diameter, distance between first and fifth gill openings and dorsal fins base.
D. mennii differs from other Brazilian species (leptocauda and chilensis) in spinulation arrangement; with the two exhibiting smooth dorsal region with 1 nuchal thorn and no mediodorsal and laterocaudal thorns (Ref. 42991).
有別於它的同類藉著具有多刺的眼間隔有些發展表皮的細齒沒有安排圖案容易看得見而有感覺的何時接觸。 背面平滑的與頸背的刺匯合中央的背鰭與尾鰭刺向上到第一背鰭的起源。 肩胛與間背片刺出現。 具有稀有又很少的發展腹面刺在鰓裂之間。 成熟大約達到 160 公分TL 與 120 公分圓盤寬度的標本。 背面與腹面褐色, 與腹的胸鰭頂端鰭淡褐色。 背部與腹的吻表面多刺的有一些極小的刺。 在雄性中的胸鰭凸狀的前緣。 眼窩的系列刺分佈了當 4個眶前骨與 2 到 3個眼間骨; 眼眶後的刺缺席。 其它的刺被分佈當 2 到 5 呼吸孔間的; 5 到 6 頸背的,2 到 3個肩胛與 12 到 18 背部中央。 尾鰭區域有 3 到 5個列的刺; 25 到 36 mediocaudal; 7 到 24 尾部後面的在左邊與右邊上; 43 到 47個翼的刺出現在雄性, 在 3 列與 1 到 3個間背片中; 12-16個偽鰓嗅板。 水平的眼窩直徑兩倍第二背鰭鰭的基底的長度。 第一背鰭鰭基底的長度是等於眼間距。 釦緊物的背部區域是平滑的。 齒式是 33-36/30-37 。
這種相似 Dipturus trachyderma 在眼間骨區域上有粗糙的皮膚; 兩者都不同於持有平滑的眼間骨區域的 D. leptocauda ， D. chilensis 與 D. teevani 。 D. mennii 的其他身體區域有比較不顯著表皮的細齒, 但是有感覺的當接觸, 與由於這, 這種被誤認為 D. trachyderma.
與 D. trachyderma 相較的 D. mennii, 展現從後頸到第一背鰭起源的融合刺的 1 列然而較後者的展現在尾部的區域一列刺唯一的; 有 4個眶前骨刺;(vs.2) 2-3個眼間骨與沒有眼眶後的刺;(vs.1個眼間骨與 1個眼眶後的刺) 成熟的用總數 43-47 的變化雄性有 3 列的翼刺 (vs.4 列以總數 17- 48); 釦緊物的背部區域平滑的;(vs. 粗糙) 比例比較小的在體盤寬度與長度 , 水平的眼窩直徑中, 第一與第五鰓裂與背鰭基底之間的距離。
D. mennii 與其他巴西的種 ( leptocauda 與 chilensis) 不同在刺的排列方式上; 有兩個外表平滑的背部具有 1個頸背的刺與沒有背部中央而尾部後面的刺.(參考文獻 42991)
Inhabit continental slopes. Oviparous (Ref. 50449). Eggs have horn-like projections on the shell (Ref. 205). Maturity size unknown, 95 cm TL male was still immature (Ref. 114953).
棲息於大陸斜坡。 卵生的.(參考文獻 50449) 卵在貝殼上有像觸角一樣的突出。 (參考文獻 205)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Eggs have horn-like projections on the shell (Ref. 205).西南大西洋: 巴西,從聖保羅到大河做 Sul 。
Gomes, U.L. and C. Paragó, 2001. Espécie nova de rajídeo (Chondrichthyes, Rajiformes) do Atlântico Sul Ocidental. Bol. Do Mus. Nac., N.S., Zool., Rio de Janeiro 448:1-10. (Ref. 42991)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
極危 (CR) (A2d); Date assessed: 01 July 2019
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年龄/大小成長長度-重量長度-長度長度-頻率形態測量圖型態特徵仔魚稚魚動力學入添量豐度BRUVS
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00282 (0.00133 - 0.00596), b=3.25 (3.08 - 3.42), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
