分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 1 - 50 m (Ref. 90102). 熱帶; 25°C - ?; 36°N - 36°S, 24°E - 77°W
Indo-Pacific : Red Sea and East Africa (Ref. 4919) to Panama, north to southern Japan and the Hawaiian Islands, south to Lord Howe and Rapa islands. Eastern Pacific: Baja California and the Gulf of California to Panama (Ref. 9349, 11482).
印度-太平洋: 紅海與東非 (參考文獻 4919) 到巴拿馬, 北至日本南部與夏威夷群島, 南至羅得豪島與拉帕群島。 東太平洋: 下加利福尼亞與加州灣到巴拿馬.(參考文獻 9349,11482)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30874); 最大體重: 2.0 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 10-11; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 11. This species is characterized by the following: The body is generally greenish-brown in color, the back, sides and caudal fin profusely speckled with white spots, and the belly marked with white bars. A single bent lateral line. Body with small spines except around snout and caudal peduncle. Each nostril with two fleshy solid tentacles. Restricted gill opening.
身體通常綠褐色顏色,背部, 側邊與尾鰭很多地有白色的斑點的斑點了，而且腹面有顯著的白色橫帶了。 一條彎曲的側線。 身體有小的棘除了吻與尾柄的周圍之外。 每個鼻孔有兩個肉質的堅硬觸鬚。 限制了鰓裂。
Inhabit outer reef slopes to depths of at least 50 m, inner reef flats and lagoons. Juveniles common in weedy areas of estuaries (Ref. 4919). Also found in coastal bays and estuaries, usually near rocky reef or on sand-stretches between reefs with low algae-rubble reef to about 20 meters depth, or in shallow with sparse seagrass growth (Ref. 48637). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Usually solitary and territorial on sandy to rubble areas. Feed on fleshy, calcareous, or coralline algae, detritus, mollusks, tunicates, sponges, corals, zoanthid anemones, crabs, tube worms and echinoderms (Ref. 1602).
棲息於外礁斜坡到深度至少 50個公尺，礁石平臺內側與潟湖。 稚魚常見於河口的雜草叢生區域。 (參考文獻 4919) 通常獨居性的與具有領域性在砂質到碎石區域上。 吃肉質的﹐石灰質的, 否則珊瑚的藻類，碎屑，軟體動物，被囊類，海綿，珊瑚， zoanthid 卷曲異輻海葵，螃蟹，管蟲與棘皮動物。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous (Ref. 205).印度-太平洋: 紅海與東非 (參考文獻 4919) 到巴拿馬, 北至日本南部與夏威夷群島, 南至羅得豪島與拉帕群島。 東太平洋: 下加利福尼亞與加州灣到巴拿馬.(參考文獻 9349,11482)
Myers, R.F., 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p. (Ref. 1602)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.7 - 29, mean 27.7 °C (based on 1504 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03981 (0.02423 - 0.06540), b=2.82 (2.69 - 2.95), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 33.9 [14.1, 86.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.555 [0.297, 1.204] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.4, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.113 [0.059, 0.212] g/100g; Selenium = 37.1 [18.8, 80.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 38.4 [10.4, 141.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.13 [0.76, 1.70] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
