分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Beloniformes (Needle fishes) >
Hemiramphidae (Halfbeaks)
Etymology: Hemiramphus: Greek, hemi = half + Greek, rhamphos = bill, peak (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 0 - 6 m (Ref. 86942). 亞熱帶的; 35°N - 36°S, 18°E - 159°W
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Samoa, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Migrated to the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez Canal.
印度-西太平洋: 紅海而且東非到美屬薩摩亞, 北至琉球群島, 南至澳洲北部與新加勒多尼亞。 經由蘇伊士運河迴游到地中海的東部了。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 23.1, range 18 - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 30573); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大年龄: 4 年 (Ref. 126539)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 12-15; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 10 - 12. Greatly prolonged, beak-like lower jaw; upper jaw short, triangular and without scales; preorbital ridge absent; total number of gill rakers on first gill arch 25-36; pectoral fins short, not reaching past nasal pit when folded forward; with 3-9 (usually 4-6) vertical bars on the sides. (Ref. 9843). Color bluish dorsally, silvery on sides. 36-41 predorsal scales. Lower lobe of caudal fin longer than upper lobe. Dorsal and anal fins located posteriorly.
非常延长, 鸟嘴形的下颌; 上颌短的, 三角形的而且没有鳞片; 眶前骨脊不存在; 在第一个鳃弓 25-36 上的鳃耙的总数; 胸鳍短, 不延伸到鼻窝当向前卷; 侧边上有三个 -9(通常 4-6)个纵带。 (参考文献 9843). 蓝色的背面, 银色的在侧边上。 36-41个前背的鳞片。 尾鳍下叶比上叶长。 背鳍与臀鳍位置向后。
Occur in coastal waters of high islands and continental shorelines; generally in areas rich in vegetation (Ref. 5213) and sand flats (Ref. 48635). Form schools. Adults feed mainly on seagrasses, to a lesser extent on green algae and diatoms (Ref. 9843). Breed in estuaries (Ref. 4164). Marketed fresh and dried salted (Ref. 5284, 9843); meat tasty (Ref. 637). Also caught with dragnets (Ref. 30573) and dipnets.
出现在高的岛沿岸水域与大陆的海岸线; 通常在区域中丰富的在植物 (参考文献 5213) 与沙地浅滩。 (参考文献 48635) 形成鱼群。 成鱼主要捕食海草，少部分的绿藻与硅藻。 (参考文献 9843) 在河口中繁殖。 (参考文献 4164) 在市场上销售了生鲜或乾渍了;(参考文献 5284,9843) 肉好吃的.(参考文献 637) 也用拖网 (参考文献 30573) 与手抄网捕获。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
印度-西太平洋: 紅海而且東非到美屬薩摩亞, 北至琉球群島, 南至澳洲北部與新加勒多尼亞。 經由蘇伊士運河迴游到地中海的東部了。
Collette, B.B. and J. Su, 1986. The halfbeaks (Pisces, Beloniformes, Hemiramphidae) of the Far East. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 138(1):250-301. (Ref. 10943)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 诱饵: occasionally
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 29.3, mean 28.5 °C (based on 3383 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00380 (0.00291 - 0.00496), b=3.07 (3.01 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.7 ±0.30 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 61.2 [21.4, 168.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.643 [0.265, 1.468] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [16.1, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.165 [0.067, 0.461] g/100g; Selenium = 12.5 [4.9, 32.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 39.7 [9.5, 186.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.06 [0.61, 1.80] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
