分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 30 m (Ref. 6390). 亞熱帶的; 17°S - 38°S
Western Pacific: endemic to Australia. Present along the east coast between approximately Cairns, Queensland (Ref.27242) and Gippsland lakes in eastern Victoria.
西太平洋: 澳洲的特有種。 存在的在東方的維多利亞沿著在大約石堆紀念碑，昆士蘭省 (參考文獻 27242) 與吉斯蘭湖之間的東海岸。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 50.2 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 27112); 最大体重: 15.0 kg (Ref. 27248)
简单描述
型态特徵 | 形态测量图
背棘 (总数): 8 - 9; 背的软条 (总数): 13-14; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 13 - 14; 脊椎骨: 27
Generally inhabit shallow bays and inlets and can be found in estuaries as far as tidal limits (Ref. 27246); they often invade freshwater. They occur over mud, silt gravel, sand and seagrass (mainly Zostera species) beds from intertidal areas to depths of 10 m in Queensland and to 30 m in southern New South Wales. Eggs and larvae are dispersed along the coast by tidal and current movements (Ref. 27112). Small juveniles less than 12 cm TL first appear in coastal bays 1-2 months after spawning. They mainly inhabit shallow mangrove and mud flats and seagrass beds (Ref. 27246, 27245). They are usually solitary but may form loose aggregations (Ref. 2165, 27247). Feed on small fish, crabs, prawns, small crustaceans. octopus, squid and polychaete worms. They have spines on the outer edges of their head which can inflict nasty cuts during handling (pers. comm., Bernard Moss, 2001).
通常在河口居住于浅湾与小水湾而且被发现于远达潮汐的范围;(参考文献 27246) 他们时常侵入淡水。 他们在昆士兰省出现泥，淤泥砾石，沙子与海草 (主要地 Zostera 种) 之上来自潮间带的沿岸区域到深度的床 10 公尺与对在新南威尔斯南部中的 30 公尺。 卵与仔鱼被散布沿着潮汐的与水流运动的海岸.(参考文献 27112) 小的稚鱼少于 12 公分TL 在产卵数个月之后第一个在近岸海湾 1-2 中出现。 他们主要地居住于水浅的红树林与淤泥平台与海草床。 (参考文献 27246,27245) 他们是通常独居性的但是可能形成松散的鱼群.(参考文献 2165,27247) 捕食小鱼，螃蟹，虾，小型甲壳动物。 章鱼, 乌贼与多毛类的蠕虫。 他们在能在处理的时候施放使人难受的刺伤的他们的头部的外缘上有棘 (pers. comm。, Bernard Moss,2001).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
There is conflicting information (Ref. 27246, 27245, 27247) on whether dusky flahead are protandrous sex reversers or not.西太平洋: 澳洲的特有種。 存在的在東方的維多利亞沿著在大約石堆紀念碑，昆士蘭省 (參考文獻 27242) 與吉斯蘭湖之間的東海岸。
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.1 - 27.1, mean 25.2 °C (based on 291 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00400 - 0.01577), b=3.08 (2.90 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.52 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.22; tm=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 132 [8, 523] mg/100g; Iron = 2.27 [0.58, 6.12] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [16.9, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.481 [0.216, 1.350] g/100g; Selenium = 54.4 [13.6, 213.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.35 [1.42, 12.68] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.72 [0.34, 1.57] mg/100g (wet weight);
