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> Siluriformes (Catfishes) > Ariidae (Sea catfishes) > Ariinae
Etymology: Carlarius: First part of the generic name honors Dr. Carl Ferraris, Research Associate at the California Academy of Sciences for his contribution to the knowledge of Siluriformes fishes and continuous support and encouragement throughout the development of this work; the second part is from the frequently used generic name Arius..
More on author: Valenciennes.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Οικολογία

Θαλασσινό(ά); Γλυκού νερού; Υφάλμυρο βενθικό(ς); εύρος βάθους 15 - 75 m (Ref. 6541). Tropical; 15°N - 9°S

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Eastern Atlantic: common in coastal marine waters from Cap Blanc (Mauritania) to Gabon; occasionally enters estuaries and brackish waters (Ref. 57224). Reported from the middle Benue (Niger basin) in Nigeria (Ref. 3064, 57224). Reported as possibly as far south as Angola (Ref. 3876) but this is unconfirmed (Ref. 57224).

Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 83.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 40637); common length : 35.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 2683); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 8.5 kg (Ref. 40637)

Short description Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία

Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά): 2; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά): 7; Εδρικές άκανθες 0; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 12 - 14. Diagnosis: body elongated and rounded; head broad and only slightly flattened above; snout rounded; mouth inferior; maxillary barbels reaching to pectoral fin bases, mandibular ones being shorter; osseous head shield fairly visible through the skin, coarsely rugose; occipital process rather narrow at base, tapering towards its distal end, with a median keel; predorsal plate short, very rugose and crescent-shaped; premaxillary teeth villiform, forming a plate slightly curved (Ref. 57224). Palatine teeth usually in a single pair of small rounded patches, widely separated, when present, by a space much greater than their diameter (Ref. 57224, 81640). Sometimes 1 or both patches absent; usually no, infrequently 1-2 tiny, gill-rakers on posterior face of 1st and 2nd branchial arch (Ref. 57224). Total number of anterior gill-rakers on first arch: 13-15 (Ref. 57224, 81640). 14-17 gill rakers on the outer side of the entire 2nd arch (Ref. 81640). Dorsal fin short with a long, osseous, more or less serrated spine preceded by a very short one; dorsal and pectoral fins with a strong serrated, erectile spine; adipose fin well developed; caudal fin forked, with long and pointed lobes (Ref. 57224). Coloration: olive-brown above, silvered on sides, belly white (Ref. 57224).

Enters brackish waters; found along the shallow continental shelf (Ref. 3876). Feeds on benthic invertebrates buried in the mud but it can sometimes leave the bottom to capture prey in open water. The females bear large eggs which are incubated and develop in the buccal cavity of the males. The rays of the fins are venomous and the wound inflicted is extremely painful (Ref. 5377). Minimum depth from Ref. 58018.

Life cycle and mating behavior Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες

Main reference Upload your references | Αναφορές | Συντονιστής : Ferraris, Jr., Carl J. | Συνεργάτες

Schneider, W., 1990. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. Prepared and published with the support of the FAO Regional Office for Africa. Rome: FAO. 268 p. (Ref. 2683)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 17 August 2011

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Venomous (Ref. 5377)

Human uses

αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά)

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Διαδικτυακές πηγές

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 18.9 - 26.1, mean 23.2 °C (based on 35 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00444 - 0.01422), b=3.00 (2.84 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref. 69278): 3.8 ±0.62 se; based on food items.

Generation time: 7.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.

Ελαστικότητα (Ref. 120179): Χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 4,5 - 14 έτη (K=0.14-0.15).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (57 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 75.6 [41.3, 163.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.929 [0.596, 1.539] mg/100g; Protein = 17.5 [15.9, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.261 [0.150, 0.465] g/100g; Selenium = 64.3 [34.9, 124.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.3 [6.8, 38.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.09 [0.75, 1.64] mg/100g (wet weight);

Carlarius heudelotii (Valenciennes, 1840)