分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Esociformes (Pikes and mudminnows)
狗魚目 (Pikes and mudminnows) >
Umbridae (Mudminnows)
蔭魚科 (Mudminnows)
Etymology: Umbra: Latin, umbra, -ae = shadow, in the sense of phantom; due to its quick movements (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Walbaum.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; pH range: 6.0 - 6.5; dH range: 5 - ?; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 0 - ? m. 溫帶; 5°C - 24°C (Ref. 26183); 49°N - 43°N, 9°E - 31°E
Europe: Danube drainage from Vienna to delta; lower reaches of Dniestr drainage.
歐洲: 多瑙河與第聶伯河河流域。 在伯恩公約的附錄 2 中.(嚴格地受保育的動物群)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 17.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 26183); common length : 5.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 556); 最大年齡: 5 年 (Ref. 59043)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
Differs from Umbra pygmaea by the lack of dark blotch at caudal base, its body and head irregularly strewn with small dark sport, and having 33-35 scales in midlateral series (Ref. 59043).
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Adults inhabit small irrigation canals and slowly flowing and stagnant waters with dense vegetation (Ref. 26183), usually in small ditches, oxbows, backwaters and shallow lakes (Ref. 59043). Territorial in shallow pools and swamps. They feed on larger crustacean plankton and invertebrate larvae (Ref. 26183). This species is under threat due to habitat destruction, irrigation works and disappearance of shallow ditches as suitable habitats, restrictions of river inundation, pressure from introduced fish species and chemical pollution (Ref. 26183).
用茂密的植物棲息於小的灌溉管與慢慢流動與污濁的水域。 (參考文獻 26183) 在水淺的水池與沼澤中具有領域性。 吃比較大的甲殼類的浮游生物與無脊椎的仔魚。 (參考文獻 26183) 這種是處於威脅情況由於如適當的棲息地 , 河淹水的限制的棲息地破壞, 灌溉作品與水淺溝渠的消失, 受到引入魚種與化學的污染壓迫.(參考文獻 26183)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Female guards the brood until hatching (Ref. 26183).歐洲: 多瑙河與第聶伯河河流域。 在伯恩公約的附錄 2 中.(嚴格地受保育的動物群)
Povz, M., 1995. Threatened fishes of the world: Umbra krameriWalbaum, 1792 (Umbridae). Environ. Biol. Fishes 43(3):232. (Ref. 26183)
人類使用
漁業: 沒有興趣; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6329 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00411 - 0.02546), b=3.07 (2.86 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.39 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=1; tmax=5; K=0.79; Fec=200).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (17 of 100).
