分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sparidae (Porgies)
鯛科 (Porgies)
Etymology: Pterogymnus: Greek, pteron = wing, fin + Greek, gymnos = naked (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 底中水層性; 深度上下限 20 - 150 m (Ref. 27121). 亞熱帶的; 17°S - 36°S
Southeast Atlantic: Namibia (Ref. 27121) and South Africa to Beira, Mozambique (Ref. 3198).
東南大西洋: 那米比亞 (參考文獻 27121) 與南非至莫三比克的貝菈港.(參考文獻 3198)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 20.4 range ? - 26 cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3669); common length : 27.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3507)
背棘 (總數): 12; 背的軟條 (總數): 10; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. Lips furry.
唇毛皮的。
Found in coastal waters, over soft bottoms (Ref. 27121). Forms large schools (Ref. 5213). Sold fresh.
發現於沿岸水域了, 在軟質底部之上。 (參考文獻 27121) 形成大群魚群。 (參考文獻 5213) 生鮮販賣了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Conflicting descriptions of the reproductive style of this species have been reported, e.g., Ref. 34231 describe this species as being a gonochorist (Ref. 28504). After clarificatory analyses on the protogynous characteristics (Ref. 7124) of this species, gonochorism is confirmed (Ref. 103751).東南大西洋: 那米比亞 (參考文獻 27121) 與南非至莫三比克的貝菈港.(參考文獻 3198)
Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith, 1984. Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 02 December 2009
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.4 - 25.2, mean 18.5 °C (based on 33 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01660 (0.00997 - 0.02764), b=3.05 (2.91 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.46 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.13-0.19; tm=6-7; tmax=11).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 55.3 [30.5, 101.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.825 [0.468, 1.410] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.385 [0.264, 0.575] g/100g; Selenium = 29.6 [14.6, 55.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.1 [5.9, 63.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.805 [0.574, 1.140] mg/100g (wet weight);
