Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; محيطية (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق 0 - 550 m (Ref. 6793). Temperate; 61°N - 28°N, 163°E - 114°W
Eastern Pacific: from Russia to Agattu Island, north to Nunivak Island, Alaska, then South to Mexico, Baja California, Mexico.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 31.0, range 30 - 32 cm
Max length : 49.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 6885); 57.0 cm TL (female); common length : 33.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 56527); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 1.5 kg (Ref. 56527); العمر: 22 سنين (Ref. 55701)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع): 0; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع): 72-92; شوكة شرجية 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 45 - 70; فقرات: 41 - 44. Dorsal origin above middle of upper eye. Pectorals inclined to be pointed.
Adults inhabit sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 4925). Young occur in intertidal areas. Feed on small crustaceans, marine worms, brittle stars and small mollusks (Ref. 6885). Spawning adults make extensive migrations (Ref. 6885).
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 3.4 - 8.3, mean 5.6 °C (based on 245 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00575 (0.00358 - 0.00924), b=3.03 (2.89 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.46 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (tm=3; tmax=22; K=0.24; Fec=150,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.1 [13.5, 59.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.269 [0.135, 0.520] mg/100g; Protein = 16.4 [14.5, 18.6] %; Omega3 = 0.365 [0.180, 0.751] g/100g; Selenium = 20.5 [10.8, 42.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.24 [1.95, 35.14] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.428 [0.290, 0.630] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
