Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecología
marino; agua dulce; salobre demersal; pH range: 7.5 - 9.5; anfidromo (Ref. 51243); rango de profundidad 1 - ? m. Subtropical; 25°C - 33°C (Ref. 36880); 41°N - 0°S
Eastern Pacific: Palos Verdes in southern California, USA to Peru.
Length at first maturity / Tamaño / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 17 - ? cm
Max length : 41.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 5404); 39.0 cm TL (female); common length : 25.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 55763); peso máximo publicado: 1.2 kg (Ref. 5404); peso máximo publicado: 1.2 kg
Body compressed; head flat; first dorsal fin with 7 spines, second with 1 spine and 8 to 9 rays; anal fin with 1 spine and 9 to 10 rays; lateral line with 30 to 34 scales; body depth contained about three times in standard length; body dark green to dark brown with numerous small pale spots (Ref. 55763).
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Inhabit estuaries, stagnant ditches or creeks of low current velocity between the sea and an elevation of 30 m. Benthic and most abundant on sandy and muddy bottoms. Ingests much mud and detritus, although also filter plankton (Ref. 36880). Found in shallow inshore areas; typically in freshwater but moves freely into the sea.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Madurez | Reproducción | Puesta | Huevos | Fecundidad | Larva
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesquerías: comercial; Acuicultura: comercial
Más información
ReferenciasAcuiculturaPerfil de acuiculturaRazasGenéticaElectrophoresesheritabilidadEnfermedadesProcesamientoNutrientsMass conversion
Herramientas
Special reports
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Fuentes de Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.3 - 29.1, mean 26.8 °C (based on 208 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00781 - 0.01470), b=3.11 (3.02 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nivel trófico (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resiliencia (Ref.
120179): Alto, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo inferior a 15 meses (K=0.57).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (25 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 118 [54, 257] mg/100g; Iron = 1.24 [0.59, 2.45] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [16.7, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.278 [0.165, 0.480] g/100g; Selenium = 20.8 [10.3, 46.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.09 [2.13, 23.95] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.28 [0.88, 2.08] mg/100g (wet weight);
