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South America: Orinoco River basin, in the upper Orinoco River drainage in Colombia and Venezuela; Amazon River basin, in the upper Negro River basin.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm? range ? - ? cm Max length : 20.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 6466); common length : 13.5 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 12193)
دورة الحياة وسلوك التزاوج النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | اليرقات
Up to 200 eggs are deposited on stones or roots and defended by both parents: larvae are taken into the mouth. Parental care can last up to 6 weeks (Ref. 40602).
Kullander, S.O., 2003. Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377)
حالة القائمة الحمراء للاتحاد الدولي لحفظ الطبيعة والموارد الطبيعية (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
مؤشر التنوع الشُعبي الوراثي (مرجع 82804): PD50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03020 (0.01328 - 0.06866), b=3.03 (2.84 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع 69278): 2.9 ±0.33 se; based on food items.
المرونه (مرجع 120179): عالي, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أقل من 15 شهر (tm<1).
ضعف الصيد (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100). 🛈
