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Carangaria/misc (Various families in series Carangaria) >
Polynemidae (Threadfins)
Etymology: Galeoides: Greek, galeos = a shark + suffix oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien; brak water demersaal; diepte 10 - 70 m (Ref. 10799). Subtropical; 37°N - 27°S, 19°W - 16°E (Ref. 57343)
Eastern Atlantic: West African coasts, from Canary Islands and Morocco to Angola (Ref. 57402). Sporadically known from Algeria and Namibia (Ref. 57343). Record from Mauritius is likely to be erroneous.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 11.6 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 5377); common length : 30.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3659)
Dorsale stekels (totaal): 9; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal): 13-14. Diagnosis: 9-10 short detached pectoral filaments, not exceeding length of upper pectoral fin; body moderately elongate and compressed, its height comprised 2.9-3.4 times in standard length; snout very short, blunt and prominent; mouth inferior; posterior edge of maxillary only slightly expanded, barely reaching past eye; 2 widely separated dorsal fins, 1st with 8 spines, 2nd with 1 flexible spine and 13-14 soft rays; 2nd
dorsal fin and anal fin bases barely equal; pectoral fin inserted low on body; scales ctenoid; head and unpaired fins partly covered with small scales (Ref. 57402).
Coloration: body uniformly silvery, upper part greyish and belly white; a large rounded black spot, about equal to eye diameter, generally visible under lateral line, behind opercle (Ref. 57402).
Occurs over sandy (Ref. 2683) and muddy bottoms in shallow waters (Ref. 4340), frequently in brackish habitats (Ref. 4340, 57402) and estuaries, but not in freshwaters (Ref. 57402). Feeds on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 5377). Sold fresh, dried salted or smoked (Ref. 36127).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Also Ref. 32209.
Daget, J. and J.C. Njock, 1986. Polynemidae. p. 352-354. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4340)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel
Meer informatie
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.1 - 27.9, mean 25.9 °C (based on 66 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00481 - 0.01311), b=3.10 (2.96 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.14-0.4).
Prior r = 0.49, 95% CL = 0.32 - 0.73, Based on 2 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (77 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 77.4 [41.1, 153.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.985 [0.516, 1.817] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [18.7, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 0.386 [0.272, 0.572] g/100g; Selenium = 25.1 [13.6, 48.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.37 [4.09, 21.25] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.816 [0.558, 1.179] mg/100g (wet weight);
