分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods)
鱈形目 (Cods) >
Merlucciidae (Merluccid hakes)
無鬚鱈科 (Merluccid hakes)
Etymology: Merluccius: Latin, mar, maris = the sea + Latin, lucius = pike (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 底中水層性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 50 - 800 m (Ref. 9715), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 1371). 亞熱帶的; 20°S - 56°S, 69°W - 40°W (Ref. 58452)
Southwest Atlantic: off southern Brazil to Argentina and the Falkland Islands up to 54°S (Ref. 47377).
西南大西洋: 巴西南部外海到阿根廷與福克蘭群島向上到 54個 °S 。 (參考文獻 47377)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 30.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 95.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371); common length :60 cm TL (female); 最大年齡: 6 年 (Ref. 83871)
背棘 (總數): 1; 背的軟條 (總數): 43-52; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 36 - 41; 脊椎骨: 50 - 53. Gill rakers short and thick with blunt tips. Pectoral fins relatively short, not reaching level of anal fin origin. Color is silvery with golden luster on back, silvery white on belly (Ref. 1371).
鰓耙短與厚的與鈍的頂端。 胸鰭相當短的, 不達到臀鰭起源的程度。 色彩是銀色的有金的光彩背面, 銀白色在腹面上.(參考文獻 1371)
Adults inhabit continental shelf depths mainly between 100 and 200 m (Ref. 1371). Larger individuals feed on fish (anchovies, hake, nototheniids, myctophids and Southern blue whitings), squids and macrozooplankton (euphausiids and amphipods); smaller individuals feed on mysids and amphipods (Ref. 1371). Migrate inshore during spring and summer, and offshore into deep water wintering areas after spawning; also undertake diel vertical migrations (Ref. 1371). Sold fresh and frozen.
在 100 與 200 公尺之間主要地棲息於大陸棚深度。 (參考文獻 1371) 較大的個體吃魚 (鯷魚，鱈魚， nototheniids, 燈籠魚科魚類與南方藍色的牙鱈) ，烏賊與大型浮游動物 (磷蝦與片腳類動物); 較小的個體吃糠蝦與片腳類動物。 (參考文獻 1371) 迴游沿海地區在春天與夏天期間, 而且離岸進入在產卵之後冬天區域的深水域; 也進行日週期性的垂直性迴游。 (參考文獻 1371) 生鮮販賣了與冷凍的。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
An indeterminate batch spawner.西南大西洋: 巴西南部外海到阿根廷與福克蘭群島向上到 54個 °S 。 (參考文獻 47377)
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性
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合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 4.5 - 18, mean 6.3 °C (based on 214 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00479 (0.00401 - 0.00571), b=3.09 (3.04 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.13-0.19; tm=6).
Prior r = 0.42, 95% CL = 0.26 - 0.66, Based on 4 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (61 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 7.82 [4.21, 23.00] mg/100g; Iron = 0.186 [0.070, 0.427] mg/100g; Protein = 17 [16, 18] %; Omega3 = 0.243 [0.148, 0.389] g/100g; Selenium = 31.6 [14.8, 68.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 21.8 [6.1, 78.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.308 [0.217, 0.436] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
