Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي ناحیه ای از منطقه اقیانوسی با عمق بین 1000 تا 4000 متر. موجوداتی که در آبهای آزاد بین اعماق 1000 تا 4000 متر زندگی و تغذیه می کنند; تغييرات عمق 16 - 1267 m (Ref. 96339). Deep-water; 66°N - 21°N, 128°E - 109°W
North Pacific: Bering Sea to Japan, and Baja California, Mexico.
Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 15.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 87380)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل): 0; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل): 11; خارهاي باله مخرجي 0; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 14. This species' most striking feature is the transparent, cowl-like shield that covers the top of the head, and its prominent tubular eyes within. The shield is a tough, flexible integument that attaches to the dorsal and medial scales behind the head, and to the broad, transparent subocular bones that protect the eyes laterally. The fluid-field chamber found beneath the shield surrounds and protects the eyes with vivid green lenses. The tubular eyes of this fish can look forward as well as upward (with maximum arc of rotation observed about 75 degrees). The morphology of the eyes apparently allow at least two feeding modes: (1) with body horizontal and with eyes directed upward, it can spot food against lighted waters above, it pivots its body to bring the mouth up for ingestion while eyes are locked on target, rotating from dorsal to rostral relative to the body; and (2) with body horizontal, eyes rotate dorsal to rostral while tracking the path of descending food until it reaches the level of the mouth (Ref. 87379). Adipose at the base of the caudal peduncle (Ref. 6885). Adults dark brown (Ref. 6885).
A solitary fish, occurring at lower mesopelagic depths beneath temperate and subarctic waters. Caught by midwater trawl nets in areas with bottom depths of 1600-3600 m. Stomach contents include cnidarian remains, however, its visceral anatomy suggests diets of mixed zooplankton, including both gelatinous and crustacean prey and siphonophore tentacles and nematocysts (Ref. 87379). Uncommon species (Ref. 6885). Oviparous, with planktonic larvae (Ref. 35626). A photo of a 15 cm long fish shown at http://www.newscientist.com/gallery/new-species/9.
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | Fecundity | توزاد ( لارو)
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
اطلاعات بيشتر
مراجعآبزي پرورينمايه آبزي پرورينژادهاژنتيكElectrophoresesوارثبيماري هافرآوریNutrientsMass conversion
همكارانعکس هاStamps, Coins Misc.صداهاسيگواتراسرعتنوع شناگریمنطقه آبششيOtolithsمغزهابینایی
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.6 - 6.8, mean 3.7 °C (based on 175 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.1 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): زياد, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت ، كمتر از 15 ماه (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
