Issue
Eastern Atlantic populations of Bathytoshia centroura refer to Bathytoshia lata according to Last et al, 2016 (Ref. 114953). Species distribution will be corrected as soon as possible;
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
বাস্তুসংস্থান
সামুদ্রিক; ঈষৎ লোনা তলদেশ বিহারী; গভীরতার পরিসীমা 3 - 270 m (Ref. 57911), usually 15 - 50 m (Ref. 4438). Subtropical; 45°N - 35°S, 90°W - 36°E
Western Atlantic: antitropical; from western and southern USA, including the Gulf of Mexico, and Brazil to Argentina (Ref. 114953). Eastern Atlantic populations refer to Bathytoshia lata (Ref. 109651, 114953).
Length at first maturity / আকৃতি / ওজন / Age
Maturity: Lm 116.5, range 66 - 160 cm
Max length : 300 cm TL পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 27549); common length : 125 cm WD পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 26999); সবের্াচ্চ প্রকাশিত ওজন : 300.0 kg (Ref. 57911)
Diagnosis: Large specimens of Dasyatis centroura are recognizable by their thorny tails, by the large size and wide spacing spacing of their mid-dorsal bucklers, and by the conspicuous tubercles or bucklers on the outer parts of their discs; in smaller specimens the large tubercles have not yet developed on the tail (Ref. 6902). It differs from Dasyatis sabina, D. guttata and Himantura schmardae in the shape of disc; it resembles Dasyatis say and D. americana in shape of disc, but it can be distinguished from D. say by the fact that the tail lacks any trace of a cutaneous fold above, and from D. americana by its much narrower ventral tailfold (Ref. 6902).
Dasyatis centroura is a coastal species (Ref. 81259), found over sandy and muddy bottoms (Ref. 3169). It feeds on bottom-living invertebrates and fishes (Ref. 3169). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 6901). Wings marketed fresh, smoked, dried-salted; used for fishmeal and oil. Harmful to shellfish banks; dangerous to bathers and fishers due to its poisonous spine. May attain well over 100 cm TL. Warm season visitor to coastal waters (Ref. 6902).
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Gestation about 4 months with 2 to 4 young produced in autumn and early winter (Ref. 6901). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).
Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor, 2016. Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Venomous
Human uses
মৎস্য: গৌণ বাণিজ্যিক
আরো তথ্য
সূত্র সংখ্যা এ্যাকুয়াকালচার (জলজ পালন) এ্যাকুয়াকালচার নকশা বংশ বংশানুগতিবিদ্যাElectrophoresesউতরাধিকার সুত্রে পাওয়া যোগ্যতারোগ প্রক্রিয়াজাতকরণ NutrientsMass conversion
হাতিয়ার
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ইন্টারনেট সুত্র
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.6 - 27.7, mean 23.1 °C (based on 772 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00265 - 0.01571), b=3.06 (2.86 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ট্রফিক পর্যায়ে (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
স্থিতিস্থাপক (Ref.
120179): অত্যন্ত কম , সর্বনিম্ন প্রজন দ্বিগুনের সময় ১৪ বৎসর (Fec=2-6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 12 [2, 54] mg/100g; Iron = 0.627 [0.158, 1.732] mg/100g; Protein = 23 [20, 26] %; Omega3 = 0.272 [0.080, 0.798] g/100g; Selenium = 34.5 [9.9, 96.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 3.84 [1.53, 9.51] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.47 [0.24, 0.84] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
