分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Malacoraja: Greek, malakos = soft + Latin, raja, -ae = ray, fis (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Garman.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 深海底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 25 - 1436 m (Ref. 106604). 深水域; 54°N - 40°N, 74°W - 52°W
Western Atlantic: Banks off Newfoundland and southern Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada to New Jersey, USA. Caught frequently in the river part of St. Lawrence estuary and nearby points in Quebec, Canada (Ref. 4926).
西大西洋: 在加拿大到美國的紐澤西的紐芬蘭外海堤岸與聖勞倫斯灣南部。 時常在加拿大魁北克聖勞倫斯河口與附近的點河段中捕捉了。 (參考文獻 4926)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 71.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 106604)
简单描述
型态特徵 | 形态测量图
Spines are larger toward front and disappear with age on rear parts of tail. Few scapular spines. Group of spines in front of and around each eye. Adults have 1 middorsal row of many small spines, 1 row of small spines on each side, middorsal row of spines extend forward on disk to area behind eyes. Young have 2 pale crossbars on tail, each outlined by a dark blotch or band. Snout pointed (Ref. 7251). Upper surface pale brown with numerous obscure darker spots, irregular pale markings. Lower surface plain white with few small dusky spots (Ref. 6902).
棘比较大朝向前的而且在尾部的后端上随着年龄而消失。 少的肩胛骨棘。 群体的棘在每个眼前面与周围。 成鱼有 1 许多小的棘的背面中央列, 在两边上的小棘的 1 列, 棘的背面中央列对眼睛后面的区域在圆盘上向前延伸。 幼鱼在尾部上有 2个灰白的交叉条纹,每个边缘为一个黑色斑块或条纹了。 吻端尖的.(参考文献 7251) 上表皮灰白的褐色有很多的暗较深色的斑点，不规则的灰白斑纹。 下表面全白色有些小的暗色斑点.(参考文献 6902)
Inhabits soft mud and clay bottoms of the deeper troughs and basins, sands and shells, gravel and pebbles of the offshore fishing banks (Ref. 6902). Benthic (Ref. 5951). Salinity ranges from 32.6 to 35.4 (Ref. 6902). This species is confined to deep water. No occurrence has been found in less than 8 m of water. Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 5.0-5.9 cm long and 3.8-4.5 cm wide (Ref. 41249, 41306, 41301). Caught too sparingly to have any commercial importance (Ref. 27314).
栖息于软的泥与较深的沟槽与流域，沙与贝壳的泥土底部, 砾石与外海钓鱼浅堆的小圆石。 (参考文献 6902) 从 32.6 到 35.4 的盐度范围.(参考文献 6902) 这种被局限于深水域。 在少于 8个公尺水深中的没有发现纪录。 卵生的。 明显的成对出现。 幼鱼可能倾向跟随大的个体, 例如他们的母亲.(参考文献 205) 卵为长方形鞘囊具有僵硬的触角沈积在沙滩或泥滩的角落.(参考文献 205) 卵鞘是 5.0-5.9 公分长与 3.8-4.5 公分宽的.(参考文献 41249,41306,41301) 捕捉太保守而無法有任何的商業重要性.(參考文獻 27314)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 在加拿大到美國的紐澤西的紐芬蘭外海堤岸與聖勞倫斯灣南部。 時常在加拿大魁北克聖勞倫斯河口與附近的點河段中捕捉了。 (參考文獻 4926)
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.6 - 7.6, mean 4.1 °C (based on 186 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00240 (0.00149 - 0.00387), b=3.19 (3.06 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 9.5 [1.4, 50.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.337 [0.071, 1.045] mg/100g; Protein = 16.7 [13.9, 19.3] %; Omega3 = 0.613 [0.180, 2.396] g/100g; Selenium = 11.7 [2.8, 39.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.68 [2.07, 45.52] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.452 [0.222, 0.862] mg/100g (wet weight);
