Plecoglossus altivelis, Ayu sweetfish : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish

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Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)

Ayu sweetfish
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Plecoglossus altivelis   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Plecoglossus altivelis
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Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Osmeriformes (Freshwater smelts) > Plecoglossidae (Ayu fish)
Etymology: Plecoglossus: Greek, pleko, plekein = to fold + Greek, glossa = tongue (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.

Issue
All subspecies of Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) are synonymised under the species in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. Jul. 2010: Ref. 84883). Please send references, or more studies are needed.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marinhas; Água doce; estuarina demersal; anfídromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 10 - ? m. Subtropical; 44°N - 23°N

Distribuição Países | Áreas FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

Northwest Pacific: western Hokkaido in Japan southward to the Korean Peninsula, Taiwan and China.

Length at first maturity / Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: Lm 27.5, range 30 - 40 cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 12218); common length : 15.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 35840); Idade máx. registada: 3.00 anos (Ref. 12218)

Descrição breve Morfologia | Morfometria

Espinhos dorsais (total): 0; Raios dorsais moles (total): 10-11; Raios anais moles: 14 - 15; Vértebras: 60 - 63. Pyloric caeca 350-400.

Biologia     Glossário (ex. epibenthic)

Typical amphidromous fish; appears in near shore from late autumn to spring (Ref. 11230). Found in lakes and rivers, preferring clean river water and can be found the entire river long, from the head to the mouth (Ref. 12218). Ascends the river during March when the temperature is around 10°C (Ref. 12218). Adults spawn in the spring, in the lower reaches of rivers. After spawning, some adults die while others return to the sea. Larvae enter the sea immediately after hatching and remain there during winter, feeding on plankton. In springtime, the young (5-7 cm TL) move upstream to the middle reaches of rivers to feed on algae. Fish (about 6-9 cm) start schooling at the river mouth and are insectivores and eat algae off small pebbles (Ref. 12218); this is assisted by small leaf-like teeth which are loosely attached to the jaw with two ligaments (Ref. 45181). Those that are ready to spawn (about 20 cm TL) move downstream to the lower reaches of the river. Spawning adults from the sea migrate upstream to the lower reaches as well. Some fish spawn two or three years in succession, others only once (Ref. 9987 & 559). River forms live usually only one year whereas lake forms can live two or three years (Ref. 12218). Reaches maturity at 30-40 cm (Ref. 12218). Highly esteemed food fish. Marketed fresh and consumed fresh, fried and broiled (Ref. 9987).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas

During spawning some fish go up the river and some fish spawn on the river shoreline above pebbles. Spawns at night and excavates a 10cm (diameter or depth?) pit. Eggs are around 1 mm in size and adhere to the sand or pebbles for 14 to 20 days before hatching. This fish is semelparous and releases eggs many times over a short period each time releasing ~10,000 eggs. Sometimes females that want to spawn but cannot, save their strength, and go to a deep stagnant pool. These females wait until spring before going up the river with young fish. After hatching, the larvae are 6 mm and flow with the water current eating plankton. Juvenile fish will come again to the river in spring. These live in schools. When schools of Plecoglossus altivelis return to their river they guard their territory and eat food (Ref. 12218). Reproductive mode varies between semelparity and iteroparity. Large females spawn once, while smaller females spawn twice during a two-week interval (Ref. 76896).

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador | Colaboradores

Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)

Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Dados insuficientes (DD) ; Date assessed: 03 September 2010

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para o homem

  Harmless





Utilização humana

Pescarias: altamente comercial; Aquacultura: espécies comerciais; peixe desportivo: sim
FAO - Aquacultura: produção; pescarias: landings, perfil da espécie; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Mais informação

Nomes comuns
Sinónimos
Metabolismo
Predadores
Ecotoxicologia
Reprodução
Maturidade
Desova
Agregação para desova
Fecundidade
Ovos
Desenvolvimento dos ovos
Idade/Tamanho
Crescimento
Comprimento-peso
Comprimento-comprimento
Frequência de comprimento
Morfometria
Morfologia
Larvas
Dinâmica larvar
Recrutamento
Abundância
BRUVS
Referências
Aquacultura
Perfil para aquacultura
Estirpes
Genética
Electrophoreses
Hereditariedade
Doenças
Processamento
Nutrients
Mass conversion
Colaboradores
Fotografias
Stamps, Coins Misc.
Sons
Ciguatera
Velocidade
Tipo de natação
Área branquial
Outras referências
Cérebros
Visão

Ferramentas

Relatórios especiais

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Fontes da internet

AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Consultar FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Género, Espécies | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Aquacultura: produção; pescarias: landings, perfil da espécie; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genoma, nucleotídeo | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Bases de dados nacionais | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Árvore da vida | Wikipedia: ir para, procurar | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Registo zoológico

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 13 - 22.6, mean 19.7 °C (based on 42 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00427 (0.00165 - 0.01101), b=3.07 (2.84 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278):  2.8   ±0.16 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref. 120179):  Elevada, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população menor que 15 meses (tm=1; tmax=3; Fec=50,000-100,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 78 [36, 203] mg/100g; Iron = 1.19 [0.62, 2.98] mg/100g; Protein = 16.2 [13.8, 18.2] %; Omega3 = 0.445 [0.196, 1.234] g/100g; Selenium = 73.2 [35.2, 156.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.44 [1.39, 14.45] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.804 [0.513, 1.253] mg/100g (wet weight);