分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 200 m (Ref. 43). 亞熱帶的; 20°C - 25°C (Ref. 54918); 46°N - 49°S, 19°E - 69°W (Ref. 54918)
Indo-Pacific: tropical, subtropical and temperate waters. Highly migratory species.
The distribution in the Pacific Ocean is unique among billfishes and tunas in that it forms a horseshoe-shaped pattern from the northwest Pacific through the eastern Pacific to the southwest Pacific (Ref. 30443). In the Indian Ocean, fish are more densely distributed in equatorial regions with higher concentrations off eastern Africa, in the western Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal and off northwestern Australia (Ref. 30444).
印度-太平洋: 熱帶的﹐亞熱帶的與溫帶的水域。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
在太平洋的分布情形在青旗魚與鮪魚之中很獨特，那裡它形成一個馬蹄形的圖案從西北太平洋經過東太平洋到西南太平洋。 (參考文獻 30443) 在印度洋，魚更濃密被分佈於近赤道的具有較高的集中外海的非洲東部, 在阿拉伯海西部, 孟加拉灣與外海的澳洲西北部.(參考文獻 30444)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 210.0, range 190 - ? cm
Max length : 420 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 30874); common length : 290 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9308); 最大体重: 440.0 kg (Ref. 30874)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 42-48; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 18 - 24. Body elongated and compressed; upper jaw produced into a robust and medium sized beak; two dorsal fins, the height of the first greater than the greatest depth, short anteriorly, taller in the middle, then becoming shorter posteriorly; pectoral fins falcate and flexible, with 18 to 22 rays; body densely covered by small, embedded scales with 1 or 2 bluntish points; back dark blue; belly silvery; membrane of first dorsal fin blue black without dark spots; flanks with about 20 bluish stripes (Ref. 55763). Blue-black above and silvery white below, with about 15 rows of cobalt-colored stripes; 1st dorsal fin dark blue; other fins dark brown, sometimes with a tinge of dark blue; anal fin bases with a tinge of silvery white.
身体延长与扁长形的; 上颌伸展到一个结实而中等的被大小的喙了; 二个背鳍, 第一个的高度大于最大的高度, 短前面地, 比较高的在中央中, 然后在后部地变得比较短的; 胸鳍镰刀状而柔韧有弹性的, 藉由 18 到 22个鳍条; 身体浓密地盖着小的, 埋入鳞片有 1 或 2 bluntish 点; 背面深蓝色; 腹面银色的; 第一背鳍蓝色的黑色的薄膜没有深色的斑点; 侧面有大约 20条蓝色的斑纹。 (参考文献 55763) 蓝黑色的上方与下面银白色的, 有大约 15 列的深蓝色的斑纹; 第一背鳍深蓝色; 其他的鰭深褐色的, 有時有一種深藍色的淡色; 臀鰭基底有淡色銀白色。
Epipelagic and oceanic species, usually found above the thermocline. Generally inhabit cooler water than either black (Makaira indica) or blue marlin (M. mazara) (Ref. 43). Most dominant and widely distributed of all billfishes. Their abundance increases with distance from the continental shelf (Ref. 6390). Usually seen close to shore only where deep drop-offs occur (Ref. 6390). Mostly solitary, but form small schools by size during the spawning season (Ref. 9987). They are usually dispersed at considerably wide distances. Feed on fishes, crustaceans and squids. Also caught with the harpoon. The flesh is the best among billfishes for sashimi and sushi. Marketed mostly frozen, sometimes fresh (Ref. 43); also smoked and frozen (Ref. 9987). Also Ref. 9137, 9574.
表层带与大洋性鱼种,通常发现于温水层上面。 通常居住于较冷的水域超过或黑色的 ( 立翅旗鱼［Makaira indica］ ) 或蓝色的马林鱼 ( M. mazara).(参考文献 43) 最优势的而且广泛地所有青旗鱼分布了。 他们的丰度随着离大陆架的距离增加。 (参考文献 6390) 通常见到接近海岸仅在深的海峭壁出现.(参考文献 6390) 大部份独居性, 但是在产卵季节的时候依大小形成小群鱼群.(参考文献 9987) 他们通常在非常地广泛的距离被散布。 捕食鱼，甲壳动物与乌贼。 也用鱼叉捕获。 肉是在青旗鱼之中的最好用作生鱼片与寿司。 大部份在市场上销售冻结, 有时生鲜地;(参考文献 43) 也烟熏与冷冻的.(参考文献 9987) 也参考文献 9137,9574.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Females are indeterminate batch spawners with asynchronous oocyte development (Ref. 92477). Larvae are most abundant in the respective local early summers. The seasonal occurrence of mature females coincides with that of the larvae. The lower temperature limit in the distribution of larvae is approximately 24°C, both in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
Spawning sites are between 10°S and 30°S in Southwest Pacific and 10°S and 20°S in northeastern Indian Ocean (Ref. 6390).印度-太平洋: 熱帶的﹐亞熱帶的與溫帶的水域。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
在太平洋的分布情形在青旗魚與鮪魚之中很獨特，那裡它形成一個馬蹄形的圖案從西北太平洋經過東太平洋到西南太平洋。 (參考文獻 30443) 在印度洋，魚更濃密被分佈於近赤道的具有較高的集中外海的非洲東部, 在阿拉伯海西部, 孟加拉灣與外海的澳洲西北部.(參考文獻 30444)
Nakamura, I., 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.6 - 28.3, mean 25.9 °C (based on 1534 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7505 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00550 (0.00297 - 0.01015), b=3.15 (2.98 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.73 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.5 (1.5 - 5.0) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 13
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.2-0.6; tm=2-3; Fec=90-281 million (annual reproductive output)).
Prior r = 0.22, 95% CL = 0.12 - 0.40, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 29.3 [12.2, 54.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.97 [0.53, 1.79] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [18.6, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.217 [0.110, 0.427] g/100g; Selenium = 50.6 [25.2, 110.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 3.89 [1.10, 13.77] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.31 [0.20, 0.48] mg/100g (wet weight);
