分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 20 - 650 m (Ref. 6144), usually 20 - 50 m. 溫帶; 73°N - 20°N, 99°W - 32°E (Ref. 1371)
Eastern Atlantic: from Norway, Greenland and Iceland south to British Isles and northern Bay of Biscay, including the North Sea and the southern Baltic Sea (70°N to 20°N). Western Atlantic: from Greenland to northern Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 125219). Reported from Estonia (Ref. 33247).
西北大西洋: 墨西哥灣北部到紐芬蘭, 格陵蘭西部。 東北大西洋: 歐洲的海岸與英國人使從巴倫支海到比斯開灣北部成為島嶼。 在茅利塔尼亞的 Blanc 岬的一個地點。 記錄來自愛沙尼亞了。 (參考文獻 33247)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 25.0, range 15 - ? cm
Max length : 41.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 最大年齡: 9 年 (Ref. 1371)
背棘 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0. One barbel on chin, one on tip of snout, and one at each of the anterior nostril. First dorsal fin ray very elongate, followed by a row of small, fleshy filaments. Color varies from dusky to pale.
在下巴上的一個觸鬚, 一在吻尖上, 與他在每一個前鼻孔。 第一背鰭鰭條非常長的, 跟隨著一列小又肉質的絲狀突起。 顏色改變從暗色的到灰白的。
Sedentary bottom dwellers on muddy sand between patches of hard substrate, or on the soft, smooth ground of deep sinks on the continental slopes of both sides of the North Atlantic. Feed on flatfishes, amphipods, decapods, copepods, mysids, shrimps, isopods and other small crustaceans. Spawn in the Baltic Sea (Ref. 35388). Mixed with soups and other products hot-smoked (Ref. 1371).
在硬底部的區塊之間的泥濘沙子上的定棲的底部居民, 在北大西洋的兩邊的大陸斜坡上或在深洗滌槽的軟又平滑地面上。 吃比目魚，片腳類動物，十足類動物，橈腳類的動物，糠蝦，蝦，等足目動物與其他的小型甲殼動物。 混和著湯與其他的產品了熱煙燻的.(參考文獻 1371) 產卵在波羅的海。 (參考文獻 35388)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawning has been recorded in waters less than 140 m deep. Fecundity ranges from 5,000 - 45,000.西北大西洋: 墨西哥灣北部到紐芬蘭, 格陵蘭西部。 東北大西洋: 歐洲的海岸與英國人使從巴倫支海到比斯開灣北部成為島嶼。 在茅利塔尼亞的 Blanc 岬的一個地點。 記錄來自愛沙尼亞了。 (參考文獻 33247)
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 4.1 - 13.8, mean 10 °C (based on 715 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00407 (0.00242 - 0.00685), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.20-0.25; tm=3; tmax=9; Fec=5,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (6 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 38.2 [18.6, 84.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.329 [0.174, 0.696] mg/100g; Protein = 17.1 [15.4, 18.9] %; Omega3 = 0.42 [0.22, 0.77] g/100g; Selenium = 20.1 [10.3, 42.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.6 [3.2, 52.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.564 [0.390, 0.882] mg/100g (wet weight);
