分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Anodontostoma: Greek, ana = up + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, stoma = mouth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Hamilton.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 188). 熱帶; 31°N - 23°S, 47°E - 171°E (Ref. 188)
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf to coasts of India and Andaman Sea, to Gulf of Thailand, Indonesia, Viet Nam, and Philippines, south to northern Australia, the Caroline Islands and New Caledonia.
印度-太平洋: 印度洋 (波斯灣到印度海岸與安達曼海) 與西太平洋 (泰國灣到澳洲北部, 加羅林群島與新加勒多尼亞; 也印尼, 阿拉弗拉海 (參考文獻 9819) ，菲律賓與越南).
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 14.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 22.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 54980); common length : 14.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3107)
背棘 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 17 - 25. Body depth increasing with size of fish, 40 to 70 % standard length in fishes over 10 cm. Second supra-maxilla a mere splint. Longest gill rakers on lower part of arch less than corresponding gill filaments. Hind edges of scales toothed, the teeth thinner than the gaps between them; a median series of pre-dorsal scales. A large black spot behind gill opening.
體高隨著魚的大小增加,40 到 70% 在超過 10 公分的魚中標準長度。 第二個上顎骨一個僅僅夾板。 在弓的較下面的部位上的長的鰓耙少於對應的鰓絲。 鱗片的後緣有齒的, 超過在他們之間的間隙齒稀釋劑; 一個中央的成列前背部的鱗片。 在鰓裂後面的一個大的黑色斑點。
Pelagic inshore (Ref. 68964). Usually marine coastal, but ascends rivers to the upper tidal zone (Ref. 12693). Occurs inshore and also in estuaries. Feeds on diatoms, radiolarians, mollusks, copepods, and crustaceans (in that order of importance, at least in the Godavari estuary). Breeds from November to February, mainly in the later part (Godavari estuary). Marketed fresh, frozen, dried, dried-salted or boiled. Made into fish balls.
通常海洋的海岸, 但是溯河到上面的潮間帶.(參考文獻 12693) 生活於近海以及在河口。 吃矽藻，放射蟲類，軟體動物，橈腳類的動物與甲殼動物。 (依重要性排列, 至少在 Godavari 河口) 繁殖從十一月到二月, 主要在該期間的後段 (Godavari 河口). 在市場上銷售新鮮的﹐冷凍的, 乾製, 乾燥鹽醃或煮沸的。 製成了魚丸。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-太平洋: 印度洋 (波斯灣到印度海岸與安達曼海) 與西太平洋 (泰國灣到澳洲北部, 加羅林群島與新加勒多尼亞; 也印尼, 阿拉弗拉海 (參考文獻 9819) ，菲律賓與越南).
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.5 - 29.1, mean 28.3 °C (based on 1250 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00810 - 0.01075), b=3.04 (3.00 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.28 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.9-1.3).
Prior r = 1.19, 95% CL = 0.79 - 1.79, Based on 4 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 282 [162, 519] mg/100g; Iron = 2.3 [1.3, 3.8] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.416 [0.233, 0.743] g/100g; Selenium = 53.1 [26.1, 110.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.1 [4.9, 28.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.17 [1.53, 3.17] mg/100g (wet weight);
