分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Sardinella: Latin and Greek, sarda = sardine; name related to the island of Sardinia; diminutive (Ref. 45335); tawilis: tawilis is a local tagalog name (Ref. 2930).
More on author: Herre.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 大洋性; 非遷移的. 熱帶; 18°N - 14°N
Asia: endemic to Lake Taal (formerly Lake Bombon), Luzon, Philippines. This freshwater lake, linked to the sea via the Pansipit River, was part of Balayan Bay, South China Sea, and was formed by a series of volcanic eruptions in the 18th century (Ref. 5522).
亞洲: 塔爾湖 (從前湖 Bombon) ，菲律賓呂宋島的特有種。 這個淡水的湖, 經由 Pansipit 河連接了到海洋, 是 Balayan 海灣，南中國海的部份, 而且在 18 世紀內被由一系列的火山爆發形成。 (參考文獻 5522)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 7.9 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5520); 15.2 cm TL (female); 最大體重: 0.00 g
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 15-18; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 18 - 21; 脊椎骨: 39 - 42. Total scutes 28 to 30. gill rakers slender, long and numerous (Ref. 5520).
總鱗甲 28 到 30. 鰓耙細長的﹐長的與很多的.(參考文獻 5520)
Inhabits lakes. This is the only species of Sardinella that is apparently found only, or even mainly, in freshwater. Presumably schooling. Also caught using ring nets (Ref. 5520). Mainly caught by gill net, beach seine, ring net and motorized push net (Refs.81494, 80728, 5520). Eaten fresh or dried (Ref. 5517). Is threatened by overfishing (Ref. 6308).
棲息於湖。 這是顯然地，那是只發現於淡水或主要在淡水裡的 沙丁魚 的唯一的種。 推測為群游。 也使用環狀網捕捉。 (參考文獻 5520) 被吃生鮮地或乾燥的.(參考文獻 5517) 受到威脅的由於捕撈過度.(參考文獻 6308)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
亞洲: 塔爾湖 (從前湖 Bombon) ，菲律賓呂宋島的特有種。 這個淡水的湖, 經由 Pansipit 河連接了到海洋, 是 Balayan 海灣，南中國海的部份, 而且在 18 世紀內被由一系列的火山爆發形成。 (參考文獻 5522)
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
瀕危 (EN) (A2bd; B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v)); Date assessed: 28 February 2017
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00399 - 0.01817), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).
