分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Opisthonema: Greek, opisthe = behind + Greek,nema = filament (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lesueur.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 1 - 50 m (Ref. 93252), usually 5 - ? m (Ref. 9710). 熱帶; 41°N - 37°S, 98°W - 33°W (Ref. 188)
Western Atlantic: Gulf of Maine (USA), Bermuda, throughout the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean and West Indies southward to Santa Catarina, Brazil. Also found in Uruguay (Ref. 54736) and Argentina (Ref. 2806).
西大西洋: 緬因灣 (美國) ，百慕達群島, 在墨西哥灣各處，加勒比海與西印度群島向南至巴西的聖特琳娜。 哥倫比亞形式可能地是一個亞種， Opisthonema oglinum captivai 。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 11.5, range 11 - ? cm
Max length : 38.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 20.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 188); 最大体重: 375.00 g (Ref. 5217)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 19-21; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 23 - 24. The filamentous last dorsal fin ray distinguishes this species from all other western Atlantic clupeoids except Dorosoma, which has an inferior mouth (Ref. 188). Otherwise, superficially resembles species of Sardinella (but i 8 pelvic fin rays in western Atlantic species, cf. i 7 in Opisthonema) and Harengula (but small toothed hypomaxilla in upper jaw) (Ref. 188). Lower gill rakers stable at 28 to 46 after 8 cm (Ref. 188). Silvery, with a bluish or greenish back, 6-7 lengthwise dark streaks on side. Dark spot above opercle, larger dark spot behind opercle, usually with a row of dark spots behind it. Lower profile deeply curved. Head pointed (Ref. 7251).
丝状的最后背鳍鳍条除了 Dorosoma 以外将此种与所有的其他大西洋西部鲱鱼区分开, 有一个下方的嘴.(参考文献 188) 不一样地, 表面地与 沙丁鱼 (但是 i 大西洋西部种的 8个腹鳍鳍条, 比较 i 7 在 Opisthonema 中) 与 Harengula(但是小的有齿 hypomaxilla 在上颌中) 的种相似.(参考文献 188) 下鳃耙赶入马房里在 28 到 46 在 8 公分之后.(参考文献 188) 银色的, 具有一个蓝色或呈绿色的背面,6-7 在侧边上的纵长深色条纹。 在鳃盖上面的深色斑点 , 较大的深色斑点在后鳃盖,通常有在它后面的一列深色斑点。 低的轮廓深深地弯曲。 头部尖的.(参考文献 7251)
Inhabit harbors and shallow coastal areas (Ref. 9710). Pelagic (Ref. 27549). Form schools (but solitary individuals reported), probably not entering water of low salinity. Feed by filtering plankton (copepods), but also take small fishes, crabs and shrimps. Marketed fresh, frozen and salted; also used in the fishmeal industry. Occur in freshwater in St. Johns River, Florida (Ref. 26938).
栖息于港湾与浅滩沿岸区域。 (参考文献 9710) 形成鱼群 (但是独居性的个体报告), 可能不进入低盐度的水域。 藉着过滤浮游生物 (桡脚类的动物) 觅食, 但也吃小鱼，螃蟹与虾。 在市场上销售生鲜地了, 冷冻与盐腌的; 也被用于鱼粉业。 在圣约翰河，佛罗里达出现在淡水。 (参考文献 26938)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Possibly breeds in March-July off Venezuela.西大西洋: 緬因灣 (美國) ，百慕達群島, 在墨西哥灣各處，加勒比海與西印度群島向南至巴西的聖特琳娜。 哥倫比亞形式可能地是一個亞種， Opisthonema oglinum captivai 。
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 诱饵: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.7 - 28, mean 25.5 °C (based on 480 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00745 - 0.00972), b=3.03 (2.99 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=1-3; tmax=8).
Prior r = 1.18, 95% CL = 0.78 - 1.77, Based on 4 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 59.1 [28.2, 107.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.805 [0.394, 1.446] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [18.5, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.242 [0.132, 0.455] g/100g; Selenium = 34.8 [18.7, 79.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 95.7 [28.7, 303.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.856 [0.565, 1.280] mg/100g (wet weight);
