分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes)
鰈形目 (Flatfishes) >
Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
牙鮃科 (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Jordan.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 6 - 200 m (Ref. 36453), usually 70 - 100 m (Ref. 43588). 亞熱帶的; - 43°S
Southeast Pacific: Chile (Ref. 9068). Southwest Atlantic: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to Patagonia, Argentina (Ref. 36453).
東南太平洋: 智利.(參考文獻 9068) 西南大西洋: 巴西里約熱內盧到巴塔哥尼亞,阿根廷.(參考文獻 36453)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 33.5  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 48.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 43588); 62.0 cm TL (female); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6077)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 78-84; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 60 - 65; 脊椎骨: 37 - 39. Scales ctenoid only on the ocular side, cycloid on the blind side (Ref. 43588).
鱗片櫛鱗的只有在有眼睛的一邊上, 圓形的在沒有眼睛的一邊上.(參考文獻 43588)
Ranges from the coast to 200 m depth (Ref. 36453). Frequently captured over sandy bottoms (Ref. 42588). Feeds mainly on fishes, also shrimps (Ref. 36453).
分佈自岸邊到 200 公尺深。 (參考文獻 36453) 時常取得了沙質底部之上。 (參考文獻 42588) 主要吃魚,也捕食蝦。 (參考文獻 36453)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).東南太平洋: 智利.(參考文獻 9068) 西南大西洋: 巴西里約熱內盧到巴塔哥尼亞,阿根廷.(參考文獻 36453)
Figueiredo, J.L. and N.A. Menezes, 2000. Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. VI.Teleostei (5). Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo. Brazil. 116 p. (Ref. 36453)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 4.8 - 19.9, mean 10.1 °C (based on 74 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00452 - 0.00638), b=3.16 (3.11 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 71.3 [31.6, 128.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.966 [0.464, 1.748] mg/100g; Protein = 16.1 [13.8, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.208 [0.110, 0.380] g/100g; Selenium = 31.6 [14.3, 71.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.1 [3.5, 55.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.526 [0.349, 0.788] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.