分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies)
鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) >
Cichlidae (Cichlids)
麗魚科 (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Etymology: More on author: Boulenger.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; 深度上下限 3 - 8 m (Ref. 58302). 熱帶; 24°C - 28°C (Ref. 2059); 20°N - 20°S
Africa: from the middle Congo River basin (Kasai drainage and between the Lomami and Kisangani) up to the upper Lualaba and the Bangweulu area (Ref. 55074). Also in Lake Malawi, Zambesi, coastal areas from Zambesi Delta to Natal, Okavango and Cunene (Ref. 5163) as well as the Limpopo, Malagarasi (Ref. 55074) and Lake Tanganyika (Ref. 55074, 74387). Also present in the Cuanza and Catumbela rivers in Angola (Ref. 11970). Introduced in Lake Kivu, escaped from fish ponds (Ref. 107916). Introduced elsewhere usually for weed control and aquaculture. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
非洲: 塞內加爾與尼日河，剛果河流域，三比河系統，坦噶尼喀湖與 Malagarazi。 也已知來自 Shaba ， Kasai ，盧阿拉巴河系統，馬拉威湖，納塔爾，奧塔萬戈河與庫內內河上游。 (參考文獻 5163) 為雜草控制與水產業通常引入了其他地方。 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 17.7 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 26550); 最大体重: 2.5 kg (Ref. 26550); 最大年龄: 7 年 (Ref. 7248)
背棘 (总数): 15 - 17; 背的软条 (总数): 10-13; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 9 - 10; 脊椎骨: 29. Diagnosis: A large, deep-bodied species with a steep head profile, narrow head and small mouth; often appearing brownish with a white belly, some individuals have bright red bellies (Ref. 118638). The sexes look very similar, although males are usually larger (Ref. 118638). Very difficult to distinguish from Coptodon zillii, but C. rendalli usually have a steeper head profile and less prominent vertical bars; in East Africa, the tailfin of C. rendalli is often divided into a brownish upper part and yellowish lower part, whereas that of C. zillii is uniform and spotted (Ref. 118638).
头部与身体在到之中深橄榄绿色的背面, 灰白在侧面之上。 身体通常有纵带只有而且鳞片有黑的基部新月。 背鳍橄榄绿色的在软鳍条上具有一个细的红色边缘与白色到灰色的黑斜的斑点; 尾鳍有斑点的在身体上半部与红色或黄色的半边侧面上.(参考文献 4967,34290)
It prefers quiet, well-vegetated water along river littorals or backwaters, floodplains and swamps. They are tolerant of a wide range of temperatures (8-41°C) and salinities (Ref. 3, 7248, 118638). Forms schools; is mainly diurnal. Juveniles feed on plankton (Ref. 52307); adults feed on leaves and stems of underwater plants as well as algae, and vegetative detritus (Ref. 52307), insects and crustaceans. A substrate spawner; male and female form pairs to rear the young; eggs and larvae are usually guarded in a steep-side circular pit dug in the mud (Ref. 118638). Occasionally it spawns in large cave-like structures (Ref. 52307), e.g. in Lake Malawi they are reported to dig a network of tunnels at some sites (Ref. 118638). Make excellent eating (Ref. 5214). Widely exploited in fisheries and aquaculture (Ref. 118638).
偏爱安静, 沿着河沿海地区或洄水区，洪泛区与沼泽的植物生长良好的水。 宽容的宽范围温度 (8-41 °C)(参考文献 3) 与 19个 ppt 的盐度.(参考文献 7248) 形成鱼群; 主要日行性。 稚鱼吃浮游生物。 成鱼主要捕食较高等的植物以及藻类，昆虫与甲壳动物。 可以用作优良的吃。 (参考文献 5214)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Prefers a sloping spawning ground near the marginal fringe of vegetation (Ref. 3). Builds nest in shallow water where both parents guard the eggs and young. 非洲: 塞內加爾與尼日河，剛果河流域，三比河系統，坦噶尼喀湖與 Malagarazi。 也已知來自 Shaba ， Kasai ，盧阿拉巴河系統，馬拉威湖，納塔爾，奧塔萬戈河與庫內內河上游。 (參考文獻 5163) 為雜草控制與水產業通常引入了其他地方。 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
Dunz, A.R. and U.K. Schliewen, 2013. Molecular phylogeny and revised classification of the haplotilapiine cichlid fishes formerly referred to as "Tilapia". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 68(1):64-80. (Ref. 93285)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 商业性
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01660 (0.01397 - 0.01971), b=2.98 (2.93 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.4 (2.1 - 6.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 18
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.13-0.18; tmax=7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
