Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien demersaal; diepte 0 - 700 m (Ref. 106604). Subtropical; 10°N - 40°S, 95°W - 70°W (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Pacific: From Costa Rica to Chile, and Galapagos Is. (Ref. 130539).
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 114953)
Lives on the continental shelf, usually in very shallow waters. Feeds on invertebrates and benthic fishes. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Maturity size of males usually at ca. 40 cm TL (Ref. 114953). The electric organs can produce a discharge of about 45 volts, depending on the size of the animal. The discharge is used to stun prey and as defense against predators.
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
McEachran, J.D., 1995. Torpedinidae. Tembladeras, tremolinas. p. 784-785. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9264)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van geen belang
Meer informatie
Leeftijd/GrootteGroeiLengte-gewichtLengte-lengteLengtefrequentiesMorfometrieMorfologieLarvenLarvale populatiedynamiekRekruteringAbundantieBRUVS
ReferentiesAquacultuurAquacultuurprofielKweeklijnenGeneticaElectrophoresesErfelijkheidZiektesVerwerkingNutrientsMassaconversie
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Estimates based on models
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.00659 - 0.03318), b=2.97 (2.78 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Zeer laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd meer dan 14 jaar (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 18.8 [3.8, 89.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.691 [0.177, 2.037] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [13.9, 21.7] %; Omega3 = 0.428 [0.181, 0.942] g/100g; Selenium = 28.9 [9.4, 83.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11 [4, 34] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.562 [0.275, 1.039] mg/100g (wet weight);
