分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Mulliformes (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Parupeneus: Latin, parum, parvum = small + Peneus, the name of a river.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 1 - 140 m (Ref. 9710). 熱帶; 24°N - 18°N, 164°W - 153°W
Eastern Central Pacific: Hawaii.
中太平洋東部: 夏威夷。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 26 - ? cm
Max length : 51.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 54393)
背棘 (总数): 8; 背的软条 (总数): 9; 臀鳍软条: 7; 脊椎骨: 24. Diagnosis: Pectoral rays 15 (rarely 14 or 16). Gill rakers 6-7 + 24-27 (total 30-34). Body depth 2.85-3.25 in SL; head length (HL) 2.85-3.1 in SL; snout length 1.85-2.2 in HL; barbels short, 1.65-1.95 in HL; longest dorsal spine 1.55-1.85 in HL; last dorsal ray slightly longer than penultimate ray; posterior margin of each caudal lobe convex; pectoral-fin length 1.3-1.5 in HL; pelvic-fin length 1.2-1.4 in HL. Body red to reddish brown dorsally, light red ventrally, with a white saddle-like spot on caudal peduncle flanked anteriorly and posteriorly by a dusky spot, the posterior one darkest; a reddish brown band from front of snout through eye and along body to above lateral line, fading and broadening below second dorsal fin, dark band behind eye and anteriorly on body bordered by a white band; fins mainly red; barbels white (Ref. 54393).
鉴别: 胸鳍鳍条 15.(很少地 14 或 16) 鳃耙 6-7+24-27.(总数 30-34) 体高 2.85-3.25 分之一标准体长; 头长 (HL)2.85-3.1 分之一标准体长; 吻的长度 1.85-2.2个 HL比率; 触须短, 1.65-1.95个 HL比率; 长的背棘 1.55-1.85个 HL比率; 持续背鳍鳍条略长于倒数第二的鳍条; 每尾叶凸状的后缘; 胸鳍长度 1.3-1.5个 HL比率; 腹鳍长度 1.2-1.4个 HL比率。 身体红色到红褐色的背面, 淡红色腹地, 具有一個白色的像鞍狀斑一樣的斑點在尾梗上前面地而且在後部地被一個暗色斑點側面, 後面那個深色的; 經過眼的來自吻部前面的一條紅褐色的條紋而且沿著身體到在側線上面, 在第二背鰭鰭之下褪色而且擴大, 在眼後面的深色條紋與前面地在被與一條白色的條紋接壤的身體上; 鰭主要紅色; 觸鬚白色.(參考文獻 54393)
Inhabits lagoon and seaward reefs; in small groups under ledges or among corals by day, dispersing at night to feed among rocks and corals on benthic crustaceans (Ref. 9710). It is a nocturnal predator that feeds mostly on benthic crustaceans (Ref. 13550). Spawning appears to be year-round with the peak from December to July; females may spawn more than once a year (Ref. 54393).
栖息于舄湖与临海礁石; 形成小群鱼群岩架下或在珊瑚之中白天，分散在晚上在岩石与珊瑚捕食底栖的甲壳动物之中觅食.(参考文献 9710) 它是大部分捕食底栖的甲壳动物的一个夜行的掠食者。 (参考文献 13550) 产卵和高峰从十二月到七月状似全年; 雌性可能产卵超过每年一次.(参考文献 54393)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
中太平洋東部: 夏威夷。
Randall, J.E., 2004. Revision of the goatfish genus Parupeneus (Perciformes: Mullidae), with descriptions of two new species. Indo-Pac. Fish. (36):64 p. (Ref. 54393)
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.9 - 25.5, mean 20.3 °C (based on 8 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02239 (0.01112 - 0.04506), b=3.19 (3.03 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.60 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.7 [13.3, 62.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.303 [0.148, 0.682] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [14.9, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.139 [0.076, 0.264] g/100g; Selenium = 71.5 [33.1, 172.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 137 [27, 604] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.409 [0.241, 0.803] mg/100g (wet weight);
