分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 降海洄游 (Ref. 123463). 亞熱帶的; 10°S - 40°S
Oceania: Endemic to eastern and southern Australia.
大洋洲: 東方的特有種與澳洲南部。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 44894); common length : 40.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5259); 最大體重: 10.0 kg (Ref. 5259); 最大年齡: 40 年 (Ref. 123463)
背棘 (總數): 9 - 10; 背的軟條 (總數): 8-11; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 7 - 9; 脊椎骨: 25. Dark gray on back, becoming paler below with overall silvery sheen; lower sides and belly whitish; fins dusky brown to dark brown, darker distally (except pecorals).
深灰色背面, 變成腹面灰白具有全身銀色光輝; 下側與腹面微白色的; 鰭暗褐色的到深褐色的, 比較深色的末梢部地.(除 pecorals)
An estuary-dependent catadromous fish inhabiting the tidal reaches of rivers, lakes and coastal lagoons where it is found (Ref. 7300, 123463); with salinities less than 1-2 ppt (Ref. 5259). Popular angling species that tends to swim near the bottom in deeper water. Feeds on small fishes, molluscs, worms, shrimps and other crustaceans. During winter (July and August) they move to the mouth of estuaries to breed (Ref. 44894). Individuals are long lived, reaching to more than 40 years (Ref. 123463). Oviparous, egg is pelagic (Ref. 5259) and hatches in 2-3 days. Male reaches maturity at a length of about 22 centimeters; female at about 28 centimeters (Ref. 44894).
出現於靜水而激流的淡水。 (參考文獻 7300) 最普遍發現於潮汐的水域, 也用鹽度少於 1-2 ppt 出現於河川與湖泊中.(參考文獻 5259) 卵生的, 卵是大洋性的.(參考文獻 5259)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Adults move downstream prior to spawning (Ref. 5259).大洋洲: 東方的特有種與澳洲南部。
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 15 February 2019
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00423 - 0.02842), b=3.05 (2.83 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (57 of 100).
