分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels)
鱸形目 (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos)
鯖科 (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Sarda: Latin and Greek, sarda = sardine; name related to the island of Sardinia (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - 167 m (Ref. 58302). 亞熱帶的; 14°C - 23°C (Ref. 168); 43°N - 41°S, 24°E - 77°W (Ref. 168)
Indo-Pacific: widespread but with many gaps in its known distribution. Eastern Pacific: Hawaiian Islands and Pacific coast of USA to southern tip of Baja California and Tres Marias Islands extending to Cabo Blanco, Peru (especially during El Niño events), the Galapagos Islands and Gulf of Guayaquil.
印度-太平洋: 廣泛分佈在它已知的分佈中但是有許多間隙。 東太平洋: 夏威夷群島與美國的太平洋海岸到下加利福尼亞的最南端與三瑪麗亞島延伸至祕魯的卡玻布蘭科 (尤其在聖嬰現象事件時), 加拉巴哥群島與惠夜基灣。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 47.8, range 45 - ? cm
Max length : 102 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9684); common length : 55.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 55763); 最大體重: 10.7 kg (Ref. 168)
背棘 (總數): 17 - 19; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 14 - 16; 脊椎骨: 44 - 45. Mouth moderately large. Laminae of olfactory rosette 21 to 39. Interpelvic process small and bifid. Body completely covered with very small scales posterior to the corselet. Swim bladder absent. Spleen large and prominent in ventral view. Liver with elongate left and right lobes and a short middle lobe. Back with narrow oblique stripes.
嘴普通大的。 嗅覺毛簇的葉片 21 到 39. 腹鰭間的突起小而兩裂的。 身體完全地覆蓋著了最小鱗片在甲胄後面。 泳鰾不存在。 脾臟大而突出的由腹面觀之。 肝臟有細長的左邊與右邊的葉與一個短的中央葉。 背面有狹窄的斜斑紋。
A coastal species (Ref. 9340) found schooling with small tunas. Also found around some islands (Ref. 9684). Feeds on clupeoids, other fishes, squids and decapod crustaceans. Spawning varies with the monsoon season (Ref. 9684). Also caught with troll lines, encircling nets (Ref. 9340) and drift nets (Ref. 9684). Marketed mainly fresh; also dried-salted (Ref. 9684), canned and frozen (Ref. 9987).
被發現與小的鮪魚聚集成群的一個沿岸魚種 (參考文獻 9340)。 也一些島的周圍發現。 (參考文獻 9684) 吃鯡魚, 其他的魚，烏賊與十足目甲殼動物。 產卵隨著雨季改變。 (參考文獻 9684) 也用延繩釣，圍網 (參考文獻 9340) 與流網捕獲。 (參考文獻 9684) 生鮮地主要地在市場上銷售; 也乾燥鹽醃 (參考文獻 9684), 罐裝及冷凍.(參考文獻 9987)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-太平洋: 廣泛分佈在它已知的分佈中但是有許多間隙。 東太平洋: 夏威夷群島與美國的太平洋海岸到下加利福尼亞的最南端與三瑪麗亞島延伸至祕魯的卡玻布蘭科 (尤其在聖嬰現象事件時), 加拉巴哥群島與惠夜基灣。
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 05 December 2009
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.5 - 29, mean 27.6 °C (based on 2552 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00520 - 0.01924), b=3.05 (2.89 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.69 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Assuming tm=3-4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (59 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 37.8 [21.1, 63.0] mg/100g; Iron = 2.61 [1.51, 4.59] mg/100g; Protein = 20.7 [19.5, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 0.356 [0.167, 0.745] g/100g; Selenium = 32.3 [18.0, 56.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.9 [5.5, 37.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.462 [0.350, 0.686] mg/100g (wet weight);
