Pomacanthus paru, French angelfish : fisheries, aquarium

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Pomacanthus paru (Bloch, 1787)

French angelfish
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Pomacanthus paru   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Acanthuriformes (Surgeonfishes) > Pomacanthidae (Angelfishes)
Etymology: Pomacanthus: Greek, poma, -atos = cover, operculum + Greek, akantha = thorn (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser riff-verbunden; standorttreu; tiefenbereich 3 - 100 m (Ref. 7379). Subtropical; 33°N - 30°S, 99°W - 14°W

Verbreitung Länder | FAO Gebiete | Ecosystems | Vorkommen | Point map | Einführungen | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: Florida, USA and Bahamas to Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean (Ref. 26938). Eastern Atlantic: off Ascension Island (Ref. 7379) and St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121).

Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: Lm 23.3, range 15 - 25 cm
Max length : 41.1 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 9626); common length : 28.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 3797); max. veröff. Alter: 27 Jahre (Ref. 118244)

Kurzbeschreibung Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt): 10; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt): 29-31; Afterflossenstacheln 3; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 22 - 24. Black, the scales of the body , except those at front from nape to abdomen, rimmed with golden yellow; a broad orange-yellow bar at pectoral absent; dorsal filament yellow; chin whitish; outer part of iris yellow; eye narrowly rimmed below with blue (Ref. 13442)

Biologie     Fachlexikon (Englisch) (z.B. epibenthic)

Common in shallow reefs. Usually in pairs, often near sea fans (Ref. 9710). Feed on sponges, algae, bryozoans, zoantharians, gorgonians and tunicates (Ref. 9626). Oviparous (Ref. 240), monogamous (Ref. 52884). Spawning pairs are strongly territorial, with usually both members vigorously defending their areas against neighboring pairs (Ref. 38726). Juveniles tend cleaning stations where they service a broad range of clients, including jacks, snappers, morays, grunts, surgeonfishes, and wrasses. At the station the cleaner displays a fluttering swimming and when cleaning it touches the clients with its pelvic fins (Ref. 40094). Flesh considered good quality; marketed fresh (Ref. 3797). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35419).

Life cycle and mating behavior Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fecundity | Larven

This species manifests apparent permanent pairing and monogamy. During most of the observation period, a single pair swam slowly in a side-to-side orientation at a height of 25 to 75 cm above the reef. No conspicuous courtship displays were evident, nor was there any evidence of sexual identity, i.e., the female was not obviously swollen with eggs. Shortly after sunset, the pair ascended in a broad, shallow arc off the bottom, traversing approximately 7 to 10 m while ascending to a height of 2 to 3 m. As the pair ascended, each angled its body slightly, with their venters in close proximity, if not actually touching. This position was held throughout the peak of the arc, with the pair diverging on the descent. Other pairs in the area were seen making similar arcing movements elsewhere on the reef at approximately the same time. It was difficult to see if there were gametes released in the event. There was no interference between pairs during spawning. Monogamous mating is observed as both obligate and social (Ref. 52884).

Hauptreferenz Upload your references | Referenzen | Koordinator | Partner

Allen, G.R., 1985. Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)

  nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 08 October 2009

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

  Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)





Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: weniger kommerziell; Aquarium: Kommerziell
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Ablaichen
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 22.9 - 28, mean 26.6 °C (based on 410 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5001   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03890 (0.02164 - 0.06995), b=2.91 (2.76 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  2.8   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 9.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179):  mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (K=0.21).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766):   High.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 27.3 [12.3, 50.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.534 [0.310, 0.915] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.9, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.157 [0.092, 0.269] g/100g; Selenium = 19.1 [9.3, 37.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 30.8 [7.5, 115.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.777 [0.506, 1.173] mg/100g (wet weight);