Main Ref: | Moser, H.G. and E.H. Ahlstrom 1996 |
min | max | mod | Ref. | |
Length at birth (mm) | 3 | |||
Preanal L. % TL | 29 | 57 |
Place of development | planktonic | |||
Larval area | California Current region; Taiwan Strait | |||
Yolk-sac | Ref: | |||
Yolk | Oil globules | |||
Rows on tail | ||||
Other melanophores on tail |
Striking feature | light organs | |||
Striking shape lateral | normal (not striking) | dorsal | ||
Striking feature | light organs | |||
Shape of gut | triangular | |||
Gas bladder early | pigmented | late | ||
Spinal armature early | no spines | late | no spines | |
Pigmentation early | ||||
Rows on tail | no rows | |||
Other melanophores on tail | no other melanophores | |||
Melanophores on head + trunk | melanophores on head | |||
Pigmentation late | ||||
Rows on tail | no rows | |||
Other melanophores on tail | no other melanophores | |||
Melanophores on head + trunk | melanophores on head + trunk | |||
Urostyle region early | unpigmented | late | unpigmented | |
Pectorals | normal melanophores at fin base | |||
Pelvics | fin rays only with melanophores | |||
Initially, small rounded head, slender body, and short, strongly sigmoid gut; head and body become deep and compressed, gut elongates during preflexion stage; body stout in postflexion stage; eyes relatively large, jaws large with large teeth, especially at upper jaw tip; snout somewhat elongate but blunter than in N. regalis; diagnostic pigment, especially on midline of brain; Br2 photophores form at about 7.0 mm; remaining photophores develop synchronously at end of transformation period; large spot at adipose fin. Pigmentation: Preflexion: at about 4.0 mm, 1 in midline anterior to forebrain; by about 4.5 mm, 1 embedded in midline below hindbrain and 1 in midline anterior to midbrain; by 5.0 mm, 1 embedded anterior to gut, 1 or more above gas bladder, 1 on inner surface of pectoral fin base, 1 above terminal gut section, and 1 above nape. Flexion: 1 at cleithrum anterior to upper pectoral fin base. Postflexion: myosepta becoming outlined at gut, spreading dorsally and ventrally; 1 anterior to adipose fin in some specimens; 1 or more on ventral midline below gut; on pelvic fin rays. Sequence of fin development: caudal, dorsal and anal and pectorals, pelvics. |
min | max | mod | Ref. | |
Total number of vertebrae | 35 | 38 | 31442 |
L 1st feeding | Ref. | Months of presence of larvae | ||||
max | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | ||
min | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | ||
mod | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Water parameters Metric characters |