| Main Ref: | Bertolini, F., U. D'Ancona, E. Padoa Montalenti, S. Ranzi, L. Sanzo, A. Sparta, E. Tortonese and M. Vialli 1956 | |||
| min | max | mod | Ref. | |
| Length at birth (mm) | 2.9 | |||
| Preanal L. % TL | 32.5 | 45 | 38.7 |
| Place of development | planktonic | |||
| Larval area | Mediterranean; Southeastern Atlantic | |||
| Yolk-sac | elongated unpigmented | Ref: | ||
| Yolk | unsegmented | Oil globules | one oil globuleposteriorpigmented | |
| Rows on tail | dorsal + ventral row | |||
| Other melanophores on tail | one dorso-ventral cluster or band | |||
| Melanophores on head + trunk | melanophores on head + trunk | |||
| Striking feature | none | |||
| Striking shape lateral | normal (not striking) | dorsal | normal (not striking) | |
| Striking feature | none | |||
| Shape of gut | triangular | |||
| Gas bladder early | pigmented | late | pigmented | |
| Spinal armature early | no spines | late | ||
| Pigmentation early | ||||
| Rows on tail | ventral row | |||
| Other melanophores on tail | tail with single melanophore | |||
| Melanophores on head + trunk | melanophores on head | |||
| Pigmentation late | ||||
| Rows on tail | ventral row | |||
| Other melanophores on tail | tail with single melanophore | |||
| Melanophores on head + trunk | melanophores on head + trunk | |||
| Urostyle region early | pigmented | late | pigmented | |
| Peritoneum | with row of melanophores | |||
| Pectorals | normal | |||
| Pelvics | normal (i.e. small or absent) | |||
| At 7.5mm in the operculum region 2 crests without teeth. The spinal column is bent slightly in the dorsal direction. 3-4 postanal melanophores laterally and 3-4 dorsaly; not always clearly visible. | ||||
| min | max | mod | Ref. | |
| Total number of vertebrae | 24 |
| L 1st feeding | Ref. | Months of presence of larvae | ||||
| max | 4 | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | |
| min | 3.7 | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | |
| mod | 3.9 | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
| Water parameters Metric characters |