Main Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
Mode | dioecism |
Fertilization | external |
Mating type | |
Spawning frequency | Variable throughout range |
Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
Batch spawner | Yes. Ref. Allen, G.R., 1985 |
Reproductive guild |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
Parental Care | none |
Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Spawning occurs over most of the year in lower latitudes, but is seasonal (spring and summer) toward the northern and southern limits of the distribution. |
Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |