| 主要参考文献 | White, B.N., R.J. Lavenberg and G.E. McGowen, 1984 |
| 模态 | dioecism |
| 受精 | internal (oviduct) |
| Mating type | |
| 产卵频度 | |
| Spawning aggregation | 参考文献 |
| 批次产卵者 | 参考文献 |
| 生殖同功群 |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Parental Care | none |
| 生命周期与交配行为的描述 | Pelvic fins in males modified to form part of a complex thoracic clasping organ (Ref. 205). |
| 搜寻有关繁殖更多的参考资料 | Scirus |