| Main Ref. | White, B.N., R.J. Lavenberg and G.E. McGowen, 1984 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | internal (oviduct) |
| Mating type | |
| Spawning frequency | |
| Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
| Batch spawner | Ref. |
| Reproductive guild |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Parental Care | none |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Pelvic fins in males are modified to form part of a complex thoracic clasping organ (Ref. 205). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |