n = 103
| Scientific Name | Author | Valid Name | Family | English Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Melanotaenia affinis | (Weber, 1907) | Melanotaenia affinis | Melanotaeniidae | North New Guinea rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia ajamaruensis | Allen & Cross, 1980 | Melanotaenia ajamaruensis | Melanotaeniidae | Ajamaru lakes rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia albimarginata | Allen, Hadiaty, Unmack & Erdmann, 2015 | Melanotaenia albimarginata | Melanotaeniidae | Whitetip rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia ammeri | Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2008 | Melanotaenia ammeri | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia angfa | Allen, 1990 | Melanotaenia angfa | Melanotaeniidae | Yakati rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia arfakensis | Allen, 1990 | Melanotaenia arfakensis | Melanotaeniidae | Arfak rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia arguni | Kadarusman, Hadiaty & Pouyaud, 2012 | Melanotaenia arguni | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia aruensis | Allen, Hadiaty, Unmack & Erdmann, 2015 | Melanotaenia aruensis | Melanotaeniidae | Aru rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia australis | (Castelnau, 1875) | Melanotaenia australis | Melanotaeniidae | Western rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia batanta | Allen & Renyaan, 1998 | Melanotaenia batanta | Melanotaeniidae | Batanta rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia boesemani | Allen & Cross, 1980 | Melanotaenia boesemani | Melanotaeniidae | Boeseman's rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia bowmani | Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2016 | Melanotaenia bowmani | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia caerulea | Allen, 1996 | Melanotaenia caerulea | Melanotaeniidae | Blue rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia catherinae | (de Beaufort, 1910) | Melanotaenia catherinae | Melanotaeniidae | Waigeo rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia corona | Allen, 1982 | Melanotaenia corona | Melanotaeniidae | Corona rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia duboulayi | (Castelnau, 1878) | Melanotaenia duboulayi | Melanotaeniidae | Crimsonspotted rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia dumasi | Weber, 1907 | Melanotaenia dumasi | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia eachamensis | Allen & Cross, 1982 | Melanotaenia eachamensis | Melanotaeniidae | Lake Eacham rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia ericrobertsi | Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2014 | Melanotaenia ericrobertsi | Melanotaeniidae | Susvva rainbovvfish |
| Melanotaenia etnaensis | Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2016 | Melanotaenia etnaensis | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia exquisita | Allen, 1978 | Melanotaenia exquisita | Melanotaeniidae | Exquisite rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia fasinensis | Kadarusman, Sudarto, Paradis & Pouyaud, 2010 | Melanotaenia fasinensis | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia flavipinnis | Allen, Hadiaty & Unmack, 2014 | Melanotaenia flavipinnis | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia fluviatilis | (Castelnau, 1878) | Melanotaenia fluviatilis | Melanotaeniidae | Murray River rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia fredericki | (Fowler, 1939) | Melanotaenia fredericki | Melanotaeniidae | Sorong rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia garylangei | Graf, Herder & Hadiaty, 2015 | Melanotaenia garylangei | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia goldiei | (Macleay, 1883) | Melanotaenia goldiei | Melanotaeniidae | Goldie River rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia gracilis | Allen, 1978 | Melanotaenia gracilis | Melanotaeniidae | Slender rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia grunwaldi | Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2016 | Melanotaenia grunwaldi | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia herbertaxelrodi | Allen, 1981 | Melanotaenia herbertaxelrodi | Melanotaeniidae | Lake Tebera rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia irianjaya | Allen, 1985 | Melanotaenia irianjaya | Melanotaeniidae | Irian Jaya rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia iris | Allen, 1987 | Melanotaenia iris | Melanotaeniidae | Strickland rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia jakora | Graf, Ohee, Herder & Haryono, 2023 | Melanotaenia jakora | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia japenensis | Allen & Cross, 1980 | Melanotaenia japenensis | Melanotaeniidae | Yapen rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia kabia | Herre, 1935 | Glossolepis kabia | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia kamaka | Allen & Renyaan, 1996 | Melanotaenia kamaka | Melanotaeniidae | Kamaka rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia klasioensis | Kadarusman, Hadiaty & Pouyaud, 2015 | Melanotaenia klasioensis | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia kokasensis | Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2008 | Melanotaenia kokasensis | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia kolaensis | Allen, Hadiaty, Unmack & Erdmann, 2015 | Melanotaenia kolaensis | Melanotaeniidae | Kola rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia lacunosa | Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2016 | Melanotaenia lacunosa | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia lacustris | Munro, 1964 | Melanotaenia lacustris | Melanotaeniidae | Lake Kutubu rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia lakamora | Allen & Renyaan, 1996 | Melanotaenia lakamora | Melanotaeniidae | Lakamora rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia laticlavia | Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2014 | Melanotaenia laticlavia | Melanotaeniidae | Aifuf rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia longispina | Kadarusman, Avarre & Pouyaud, 2015 | Melanotaenia longispina | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia maccullochi | Ogilby, 1915 | Melanotaenia maccullochi | Melanotaeniidae | Macculloch's rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia macculochi | Ogilby, 1915 | Melanotaenia maccullochi | Melanotaeniidae | Macculloch's rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia mairasi | Allen & Hadiaty, 2011 | Melanotaenia mairasi | Melanotaeniidae | Lake Furnusu rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia mamahensis | Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2016 | Melanotaenia mamahensis | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia manibuii | Kadarusman, Slembrouck & Pouyaud, 2015 | Melanotaenia manibuii | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia maylandi | Allen, 1983 | Melanotaenia maylandi | Melanotaeniidae | Mayland's rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia misoolensis | Allen, 1982 | Melanotaenia misoolensis | Melanotaeniidae | Misool rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia monticola | Allen, 1980 | Melanotaenia monticola | Melanotaeniidae | Mountain rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia mubiensis | Allen, 1996 | Melanotaenia mubiensis | Melanotaeniidae | Mubi rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia multiradiata | Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2014 | Melanotaenia multiradiata | Melanotaeniidae | Moswaren rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia multisquamata | Weber & de Beaufort, 1922 | Glossolepis multisquamata | Melanotaeniidae | Sepik rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia naramasae | Kadarusman, Nugraha & Pouyaud, 2015 | Melanotaenia naramasae | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia nigra | (Richardson, 1843) | Melanotaenia nigrans | Melanotaeniidae | Blackbanded rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia nigrans | (Richardson, 1843) | Melanotaenia nigrans | Melanotaeniidae | Blackbanded rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia ogilbyi | Weber, 1910 | Melanotaenia ogilbyi | Melanotaeniidae | Ogilby's rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia oktediensis | Allen & Cross, 1980 | Melanotaenia oktediensis | Melanotaeniidae | Oktedi rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia papuae | Allen, 1981 | Melanotaenia papuae | Melanotaeniidae | Papuan rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia parkinsoni | Allen, 1980 | Melanotaenia parkinsoni | Melanotaeniidae | Parkinson's rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia parva | Allen, 1990 | Melanotaenia parva | Melanotaeniidae | Lake Kuromai rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia patoti | (Weber, 1907) | Melanotaenia patoti | Melanotaeniidae | Patoti’s rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia picta | Allen, Hadiaty, Unmack & Erdmann, 2015 | Melanotaenia picta | Melanotaeniidae | Painted rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia pierucciae | Allen & Renyaan, 1996 | Melanotaenia pierucciae | Melanotaeniidae | Pierucci's rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia pimaensis | Allen, 1981 | Melanotaenia pimaensis | Melanotaeniidae | Pima River rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia pimanensis | Allen, 1981 | Melanotaenia pimaensis | Melanotaeniidae | Pima River rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia praecox | (Weber & de Beaufort, 1922) | Melanotaenia praecox | Melanotaeniidae | Dwarf rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia pygmaea | Allen, 1978 | Melanotaenia pygmaea | Melanotaeniidae | Pygmy rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia rosacea | Herre, 1935 | Glossolepis kabia | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia rubripinnis | Allen & Renyaan, 1998 | Melanotaenia rubripinnis | Melanotaeniidae | Red-finned rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia rubrivittata | Allen, Unmack & Hadiaty, 2015 | Melanotaenia rubrivittata | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia rubrostriata | (Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886) | Melanotaenia rubrostriata | Melanotaeniidae | Red-striped rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia rubrostriatus | (Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886) | Melanotaenia rubrostriata | Melanotaeniidae | Red-striped rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia rumberponensis | Kadarusman, Ogistira & Pouyaud, 2015 | Melanotaenia rumberponensis | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia sahulensis | Hammer, Allen, Martin, Adams & Unmack, 2019 | Melanotaenia sahulensis | Melanotaeniidae | Sahul rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia salawati | Kadarusman, Sudarto, Slembrouck & Pouyaud, 2011 | Melanotaenia salawati | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia sembrae | Kadarusman, Carman & Pouyaud, 2015 | Melanotaenia sembrae | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia senckenbergiana | (Weber, 1911) | Melanotaenia senckenbergiana | Melanotaeniidae | Senckenberg rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia senckenbergianus | (Weber, 1911) | Melanotaenia senckenbergiana | Melanotaeniidae | Senckenberg rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia sexlineata | (Munro, 1964) | Melanotaenia sexlineata | Melanotaeniidae | Fly River rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia sikuensis | Kadarusman, Sudarto & Pouyaud, 2015 | Melanotaenia sikuensis | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia sneideri | Allen & Hadiaty, 2013 | Melanotaenia sneideri | Melanotaeniidae | Kumawa rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia solata | Taylor, 1964 | Melanotaenia solata | Melanotaeniidae | Northern Rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia splendida | (Peters, 1866) | Melanotaenia splendida | Melanotaeniidae | Eastern rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia splendida australis | (Castelnau, 1875) | Melanotaenia australis | Melanotaeniidae | Western rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia splendida fluviatilis | (Castelnau, 1878) | Melanotaenia fluviatilis | Melanotaeniidae | Murray River rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia splendida inornata | (Castelnau, 1875) | Melanotaenia splendida | Melanotaeniidae | Eastern rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia splendida rubrostriata | (Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886) | Melanotaenia rubrostriata | Melanotaeniidae | Red-striped rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia splendida splendida | (Peters, 1866) | Melanotaenia splendida | Melanotaeniidae | Eastern rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia splendida tatei | (Zietz, 1896) | Melanotaenia splendida | Melanotaeniidae | Eastern rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia susii | Kadarusman, Hubert & Pouyaud, 2015 | Melanotaenia susii | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia sylvatica | Allen, 1997 | Melanotaenia sylvatica | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia synergos | Allen & Unmack, 2008 | Melanotaenia synergos | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia trifasciata | (Rendahl, 1922) | Melanotaenia trifasciata | Melanotaeniidae | Banded rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia urisa | Kadarusman, Setiawibawa & Pouyaud, 2012 | Melanotaenia urisa | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia utcheensis | McGuigan, 2001 | Melanotaenia utcheensis | Melanotaeniidae | Utchee rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia vanheurni | (Weber & de Beaufort, 1922) | Melanotaenia vanheurni | Melanotaeniidae | Van Heurn's rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia veoliae | Kadarusman, Caruso & Pouyaud, 2012 | Melanotaenia veoliae | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia wanoma | Kadarusman, Segura & Pouyaud, 2012 | Melanotaenia wanoma | Melanotaeniidae | |
| Melanotaenia wilsoni | Hammer, Allen, Martin, Adams & Unmack, 2019 | Melanotaenia wilsoni | Melanotaeniidae | Little rainbowfish |
| Melanotaenia wokamensis | Allen, Hadiaty, Unmack & Erdmann, 2015 | Melanotaenia wokamensis | Melanotaeniidae | Wokam rainbowfish |