Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1839)
Paralichthys orbignyanus
photo by INIDEP

Family:  Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
Max. size:  83 cm TL (male/unsexed); max. reported age: 11 years
Environment:  demersal; brackish; marine; depth range 1 - 45 m, oceanodromous
Distribution:  Southwest Atlantic: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to at least Mar de la Plata, Argentina.
Diagnosis:  Dorsal spines (total): 0-0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 71-77; Anal spines: 0-0; Anal soft rays: 52-59; Vertebrae: 35-36. Body shape oval, with the greatest breadth 2.5 times in length. Eyes are on the left side, close together, and equally in advance. Teeth are in a single series, sharply pointed. Dorsal fin origin aligned with eyes. Lateral line arched over the pectoral fin. Eye side of the body slightly rough, with finely ciliated scales (Ref. 3157).
Biology:  Populations are found in shallow coastal marine waters (Ref. 127691). They enter coastal lagoons (Ref. 36453). Nursery grounds are found in estuaries, coastal lagoons and brackish surf waters (Ref. 127691). Adults feed on pelagic and benthic species of crustaceans (penaeids and brachyurans), and lesser important fishes (Ref. 43588). Juveniles mainly feed on plolychaetes (Ref. 127691).
IUCN Red List Status: Data deficient (DD); Date assessed: 06 December 2019 Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless


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