Biotoecus dicentrarchus Kullander, 1989
Biotoecus dicentrarchus
photo by Staeck, W.

Family:  Cichlidae (Cichlids), subfamily: Geophaginae
Max. size:  3.8 cm SL (male/unsexed)
Environment:  benthopelagic; freshwater
Distribution:  South America: Orinoco River basin, from the Inírida River (Colombia) to Maripa, (Venezuela)
Diagnosis:  Dorsal spines (total): 7-8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14-16; Anal spines: 2-2; Anal soft rays: 6-8. This species is distinguished from all other cichlids by having only two (vs. three or more) anal spines; differs from B. opercularis by lacking anguloarticular lateralis canal; 3 or 4 (vs. 5) skin openings and 2 or 3 (vs. 4) canal fragments representing the dentary lateralis canal; dorsal fin with slightly prolonged anterior spines and lappets; modal dorsal fin count VII.15 (vs. VIII.14); and 6 (vs. 5) dark spots along the middle of the side (Ref. 86446).
Biology:  The type locality was a shallow laguna about 25 m wide, with transparent water, vegetation resembling needlegrass; water temperature 34°C; associated with another cichlid species, Crenicara filamentosum, the dominant species at the locality (Ref. 86446).
IUCN Red List Status: Least Concern (LC); Date assessed: 22 October 2020 Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless


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