Main Ref. | Gosse, J.-P., 1984 |
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Remarks | Prefers well-vegetated, muddy bottomed marginal habitats of rivers and floodplains. A shoaling species which moves inshore after dark. Frequency of occurence in Caprivi: occasionally in sandy streams, occasionally on rocky streams, common in standing deep water, common in shallow swamps, and common in shallow flood plains (Ref. 037065). Migrates within rivers. Recorded to move up tributaries in shoals during flood season (Ref. 13337). Feeds on invertebrates, especially midge and mayfly larvae and pupae taken from the bottom and off plant stems. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Gosse, J.-P., 1984 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Gosse, J.-P., 1984 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.20 | 0.24 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. | ||
From individual food items | 3.20 | 0.40 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |