Ecology of Gnathanodon speciosus
 
Main Ref. Honebrink, R., 1990
Remarks Occur in inshore waters of the continental shelf (Ref. 7300); in coral reefs (Ref. 58534); and in deep lagoon and seaward reefs where they feed by rooting for crustaceans, other invertebrates in the sand and also on small fishes. Piscivore (Ref. 57615). Small juveniles live among the tentacles of jellyfish (Ref. 9710). Coastal species that inhabits coral and rocky reefs. Diurnal bottom feeder that hunts in groups. Feeds on crabs, shrimp, molluscs, and small fishes (Ref. 9773).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Gnathanodon speciosus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate Benthic; Hard Bottom: rocky;
Substrate Ref. Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995
Special habitats Coral Reefs: reef flats; lagoons;
Special habitats Ref. Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff, 2006

Associations

Ref.
Associations schooling;
Associated with It is noted for its behavior to closely swim around sharks and other large fish, but also following divers (Ref. 10361) to gain protection from likely predators (Ref. 9710).
Association remarks Forms schools (Ref. 10361) .
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref. Honebrink, R., 1990
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref. Honebrink, R., 1990
Trophic Level(s)
Estimation method Original sample Unfished population Remark
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition
From individual food items 4.03 0.52 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. cnidaria)
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