| Main Ref. | McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | An inhabitant of deep, cold water (Ref. 7251). Feeds on Mallotus villosus (capelin) and Raja radiata (thorny skate) (Ref. 5951). Found in water temperatures between -1.5°C to 7.5°C, appearing frequently under 3°C. Recorded at depths between 111-2949m. Dwells in deep slopes and abyssal habitats likely over muddy, silty, and sandy substrates. Feeds at a trophic level of 4.02 (Ref. 117245). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; silt; mud; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist, 2018 |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | shoaling; |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | Shoaling assumed, by way of spawning aggregations, based on observations of several large (>150 cm TL) females of this species from the edge of the Labrador Shelf that were found to have stretched oviducts, and fully formed egg cases, indicating that reproduction takes place in that area (Ref. 94893). |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel, 1984 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel, 1984 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 4.41 | 0.62 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
| From individual food items | 3.79 | 0.62 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||