Ecology Summary - Anarhichas lupus

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Main Ref.	Barsukov, V.V., 1986
Remarks	Inhabit rocky bottoms, sometimes over sand or mud, from 1-500 m (Ref. 9988). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on fishes (Ref. 58426), hard-shelled mollusks, crabs, lobsters, sea urchins and other echinoderms. Solitary in habit (Ref. 9988). It is preyed upon by cod. Parasites of the species include 1 protozoan, 11 trematodes, 1 myxosporidian, 1 cestode, 3 nematodes, 1 hirudinean, 1 crustacean and 1 copepod (Ref. 5951).

Main Ref.

Barsukov, V.V., 1986

Remarks

Inhabit rocky bottoms, sometimes over sand or mud, from 1-500 m (Ref. 9988). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on fishes (Ref. 58426), hard-shelled mollusks, crabs, lobsters, sea urchins and other echinoderms. Solitary in habit (Ref. 9988). It is preyed upon by cod. Parasites of the species include 1 protozoan, 11 trematodes, 1 myxosporidian, 1 cestode, 3 nematodes, 1 hirudinean, 1 crustacean and 1 copepod (Ref. 5951).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Anarhichas lupus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Soft Bottom Hard Bottom: rocky;
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.	Frimodt, C., 1995
Associations	solitary; schooling;
Associated with
Association remarks	Solitary in habit (Ref. 9988). Usually solitary except during the mating season, when bonded pairs occur. However, some apparent "colonial settlements" have been reported, the occurrence of which may be related to shelter availability. Reports of apparent seasonal spawning migrations may result from inshore-offshore seasonal migrations related to foraging and tooth replacement episodes. Larvae likely remain near the bottom and do not disperse widely from the hatching locality (Ref. 86779).
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Barsukov, V.V., 1986
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Barsukov, V.V., 1986

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition	3.55		3.21	0.38	Troph of adults from 1 study.
From individual food items	3.73	0.53			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000

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