Main Ref. | Jackson, P.B.N., 1961 |
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Remarks | Occurs in intermediate zones, common in rock-sand interface. Occasionally seen in purely rocky habitats close to sand. Male territoriality usually over upper surfaces of medium-sized and large rocks, small proportion of males may occupy less prominent sites and some defend areas at the base of rocks where they dig sand-scraped nests. Females, juveniles and non-territorial adult males may occur singly or form small groups (to 30 fish). Feeding aggregations with Cynotilapia afra and P. zebra in water column above rocks where they feed on plankton. Normally feeds from rock-sand substrata. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Ribbink, A.J., B.A. Marsh, A.C. Marsh, A.C. Ribbink and B.J. Sharp, 1983 |
Feeding habit | grazing on aquatic plants |
Feeding habit Ref. | Ribbink, A.J., B.A. Marsh, A.C. Marsh, A.C. Ribbink and B.J. Sharp, 1983 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 2.00 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 0.00 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 2.50 | 0.23 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Reinthal, P.N., 1990 |