Ecology Summary - Tylosurus crocodilus

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Main Ref.	Blaber, S.J.M., 1980
Remarks	A pelagic species (Refs. 26340, 9773) found over lagoon and seaward reefs. Solitary or in small groups (Ref. 11889). Present in seagrass beds at adult stage (Ref. 41878). Feeds on fishes (Refs. 11889, 9773). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs may be found attached to objects in the water by tendrils on the egg's surface (Ref. 205). Feared by fishers because they can cause puncture wounds with their sharp snouts when jumping out of the water, e.g. when alarmed or attracted to lights at night. Carnivorous (Refs. 9137, 9773). Caught by casting or trolling surface or near-surface lures; also with purse seines and drift nets. Marketed mostly fresh (Ref. 9682). Inhabits coastal waters (Ref. 9773).

Main Ref.

Blaber, S.J.M., 1980

Remarks

A pelagic species (Refs. 26340, 9773) found over lagoon and seaward reefs. Solitary or in small groups (Ref. 11889). Present in seagrass beds at adult stage (Ref. 41878). Feeds on fishes (Refs. 11889, 9773). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs may be found attached to objects in the water by tendrils on the egg's surface (Ref. 205). Feared by fishers because they can cause puncture wounds with their sharp snouts when jumping out of the water, e.g. when alarmed or attracted to lights at night. Carnivorous (Refs. 9137, 9773). Caught by casting or trolling surface or near-surface lures; also with purse seines and drift nets. Marketed mostly fresh (Ref. 9682). Inhabits coastal waters (Ref. 9773).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Tylosurus crocodilus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Pelagic; Soft Bottom
Substrate Ref.	Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995
Special habitats	Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.	Gell, F.R. and M.W. Whittington, 2002

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Randall, J.E., 1967
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Randall, J.E., 1967

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition	4.43	0.43	4.31	0.70	Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies.
From individual food items	4.33	0.74			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Sierra, L.M., R. Claro and O.A. Popova, 1994

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