Hoofdreferentie | May, J.L. and J.G.H. Maxwell, 1986 |
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Opmerkingen | Occur in coastal waters, including estuaries (Ref. 9563), mostly in waters shallower than 150 m and warmer than 13°C (Ref. 9072). Commonly found on the bottom, in midwater and occasionally at the surface (Ref. 9258), in large schools (Ref. 33616). Adults are generally found over offshore rocky reefs, while juveniles are generally found in shallow, soft substrate areas (Ref. 6390). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Ondergrond | Soft Bottom Hard Bottom; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Speciale habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associaties | |
Geassocieerd met | |
Opmerkingen in verband met associaties | |
Parasitisme |
Voedingstype | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Godfriaux, B.L., 1970 |
Voedingsgewoonte | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Godfriaux, B.L., 1970 |
Estimation method | Origineel staal | Onbeviste populatie | Opmerking | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
Op basis van dieetsamenstelling | |||||
Op basis van individuele voedselitems | 3.22 | 0.40 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |