Main Ref. | Winemiller, K.O. and L.C. Kelso-Winemiller, 1996 |
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Remarks | Frequency of occurence in Caprivi: occasionally in sandy streams, occasionally on rocky streams, abundant in standing deep water, common in shallow swamps, and occasionally in shallow flood plains (Ref. 037065). Feeds on benthic organisms and plants (Ref. 12597). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Winemiller, K.O. and L.C. Kelso-Winemiller, 1996 |
Feeding habit | grazing on aquatic plants |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 2.44 | 0.17 | 2.48 | 0.18 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 2.42 | 0.22 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Winemiller, K.O. and L.C. Kelso-Winemiller, 1996 |