Main Ref. | Ellis, J.R., M.G. Pawson and S.E. Shackley, 1996 |
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Remarks | Cryptic ambush predator that may remain motionless for long periods of time, usually buried under sand or mud with only its eyes protruding (Ref. 247). Waits until potential prey is within striking distance before lunging for it (Ref. 88171). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Ellis, J.R., M.G. Pawson and S.E. Shackley, 1996 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.05 | 0.50 | 4.00 | 0.61 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 4.07 | 0.68 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Cortés, E., 1999 |