Ecology Summary - Sardinops sagax

Língua:

Ref. principal	Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985
Notas	In South America it is caught down to depths of about 40 m, in summer at 16 to 23 C, in winter at 10 to 18 C. Forms large schools in the Peru current. Likewise in North America, it forms large schools, up to 10 million individuals; it is migratory with a definite northward movement between California and British Columbia waters in summer and return in autumn, winter. Zooplankton and phytoplankton feeder. Food items of larvae and early juveniles consist of copepods and larvaceans (Ref. 32837). Young fish feeds on zooplankton such as copepods and adults on phytoplankton (Ref. 39882). Employs both filter- and particulate-feeding modes on phytoplankton and zooplankton (Ref. 42392).

Ref. principal

Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985

Notas

In South America it is caught down to depths of about 40 m, in summer at 16 to 23 C, in winter at 10 to 18 C. Forms large schools in the Peru current. Likewise in North America, it forms large schools, up to 10 million individuals; it is migratory with a definite northward movement between California and British Columbia waters in summer and return in autumn, winter. Zooplankton and phytoplankton feeder. Food items of larvae and early juveniles consist of copepods and larvaceans (Ref. 32837). Young fish feeds on zooplankton such as copepods and adults on phytoplankton (Ref. 39882). Employs both filter- and particulate-feeding modes on phytoplankton and zooplankton (Ref. 42392).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	Estuários/lagunas/áreas estuarinas manguezais pântanos/brejos	rivers/streams lakes/ponds Cavernas exclusivamente

Highighted items on the list are where Sardinops sagax may be found.

Habitat

Substrato
Substrate Ref.
Habitats especiais
Special habitats Ref.

Associações

Ref.
Associações
Associada com
Comentários sobre associação
Parasitismo

Alimentação

Tipo de alimentação	plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79)
Feeding type Ref.	Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985
Hábito alimentar	selective plankton feeding
Feeding habit Ref.	Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Amostra original		População virgem (não pescada)		Nota
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Nota
Da composição da dieta	2.84	0.13	2.46	0.11	Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies.
Dos itens alimentares individuais	2.61	0.29			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Serra, R and I. Tsukayama, 1988

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