Main Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
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Remarks | Inhabits drop-offs and steep channel slopes (Ref. 9710). Reported to forage in groups of two or three for rock- and sand living crustaceans and fishes. Rare in most areas (Ref. 9710). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs: reef slope/drop-offs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.00 | 0.66 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |