主な参照 | Tokranov, A.M. and V.V. Maksimenkov, 1994 |
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意見 | Euryhaline, can exist in freshwater lagoons and river mouths, sometimes moving very far upstream. Occurs mainly in the upper sublittoral zone (Ref. 9013). Found inshore, often in very shallow water and in estuaries during the summer; moving into deeper water in the winter (Ref. 27547). However, they may occur in deep water throughout the year (Ref. 27547). Does not venture into water of high salinities (Ref. 28899). Young and adults move up rivers, as much as 120 km (Ref. 27547). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on crustaceans, worms, small mollusks, brittle stars, and small fishes (Ref. 6885). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
参照 | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
供給様式 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Tokranov, A.M. and V.V. Maksimenkov, 1994 |
食性 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Tokranov, A.M. and V.V. Maksimenkov, 1994 |
Estimation method | 原本のサンプル | Unfished population | 意見 | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
餌料組成から | 3.58 | 0.11 | 3.27 | 0.32 | Troph of adults from 3 studies. |
個々の食物品目から | 3.50 | 0.50 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
参照 | Jewett, S.C. and H.M. Feder, 1980 |