| 主要参考文献 | Sierra, L.M., R. Claro and O.A. Popova, 1994 |
|---|---|
| 附注 | Found on continental and insular shelves and upper slopes, ranging from shallow inshore waters and the intertidal to 200 m, occasionally down to 579 m (Ref. 244). Occasionally found in freshwater. It is doubtful that this species can live in fresh water for an extended period of time (Ref. 244). Feeds on large crustaceans, mainly crabs, but also heavily on lobsters (Homarus) (Ref. 244). Probably non-territorial. Off the Atlantic coast of the USA, this species is migratory (Ref. 244). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| 参考文献 | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| 摄取食物的类型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Sierra, L.M., R. Claro and O.A. Popova, 1994 |
| 摄取食物的习惯 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | 最初的样本 | 不捕获族群 | 附注 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 从食物内容 | 3.64 | 0.20 | 3.59 | 0.49 | Troph of adults from 4 studies. |
| 从个别的食物项目 | 3.69 | 0.55 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 参考文献 | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 | ||||