Main Ref. | Waters, T.F., J.P. Kaehler, T.J. Polomis and T.J. Kwak, 1993 |
---|---|
Anmärkningar | Inhabits shallow rocky areas of lakes, clear and gravel-bottom runs and flowing pools of rivers, cool flowing streams and reservoirs fed by such streams. Young feed on plankton and immature aquatic insects while adults take in crayfish, fishes, and aquatic and terrestrial insects (Refs. 1998; 44091). Sometime cannibalistic (Ref. 30578). Preyed upon by fishes and turtles (Ref. 1998). Feeds on fish and benthic invertebrates (Ref. 26273). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Typ av föda | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Waters, T.F., J.P. Kaehler, T.J. Polomis and T.J. Kwak, 1993 |
Födosöksstrategi | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Waters, T.F., J.P. Kaehler, T.J. Polomis and T.J. Kwak, 1993 |
Estimation method | Ursprungligt prov | Ofiskad population | Kommentar | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
Från födosammansättning | 3.56 | 0.18 | 3.18 | 0.44 | Troph of adults from 4 studies. |
Från individuella födoämnen | 4.09 | 0.68 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Johnson, J.H. and D.S. Dropkin, 1995 |